| 尹晓宁,马明,刘兴禄,董铁,牛军强,孙文泰,张坤.不同覆草量苹果园土壤水温效应及对树体生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):41~49 |
| 不同覆草量苹果园土壤水温效应及对树体生长的影响 |
| Effects of wheat straw-mulching on soil moisture and soil temperature and tree growth in apple orchard |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.01.07 |
| 中文关键词: 覆草量 土壤水分 土壤温度 树体生长 投入产出比 |
| 英文关键词:wheat straw mulching amount soil moisture soil temperature tree growth input and output ratio |
| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项“甘肃雨养农田苹果水分高效利用技术研究与示范”（201303104）；甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目“雨养区果园覆盖方式及保墒沃土技术研发与示范”（ GPCK2010-1）；国家苹果产业技术体系（CARS-28） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 将麦草覆盖应用于果园，研究不同覆盖用量22 000 kg·hm-2 (T1)、33 000 kg·hm-2(T2)、44 000 kg·hm-2(T3)和清耕(CK)在整个生长期对19年生长富2号苹果园0～100 cm土壤水分、5～25 cm土壤温度、树体生长量及果实品质的影响。结果表明：在旱情较重的4—7月，3种覆草处理的平均含水量随覆草量的增加而增大，其中T2和T3处理极显著(P<0.01)高于CK,高出8.98%～27.09%；且3种覆草处理0～20、20～40 cm土层的含水量极显著(P<0.01)高于CK,高出9.36%～73.77%；4—8月3种覆草处理的各深度地温低于CK，4—6月份极显著(P<0.01)低于CK,低出2.11℃～8.02℃；相反，9—11月份高于CK。覆草处理5～20 cm深度土温日变幅极显著(P<0.01)低于CK,低出0.39℃～3.63℃。果实单果重和产量以T2处理最高，3种覆草处理每公顷产量较CK极显著(P<0.01)提高,高出10.70%～20.83%；产量水分利用效率覆草处理较CK极显著(P<0.01)增高,高出9.87%～20.87%。覆草对树体生长量、枝类比例影响不大。综合各种效应及投入产出比，陇东黄土高原苹果园覆草量以22 000～33 000 kg·hm-2较经济适宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The wheat straw mulching with different amounts (22 000 kg·hm-2(T1), 33 000 kg·hm-2(T2) and 44 000 kg·hm-2(T3)) and clean tillage(CK) were used in orchards to study its influence on the soil moisture in 0～100 cm soil depth, the soil temperature in 5～25 cm soil depth, tree growth and fruit quality during the whole growth period of 19-year-old Nagafu No.2 tree. Results showed that from April to July the average soil moisture in the depth of 0～100 cm of corresponding three treatments increased with the increase of wheat straw amounts; the average moisture contents of T2 and T3 were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of CK in same period, increased by 8.98%～27.09%, and the soil moisture contents in 0～20 cm and 20～40 cm two soil layers of three wheat straw mulching treatments were also significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of CK in the same soil layer, increased by 9.36%～73.77%. From April to August the soil temperature in 5～25 cm soil depth in three wheat straw mulching treatments was lower than that in CK, significantly (P<0.01) from April to June, decreased by 2.11℃～8.02℃. But it was higher than that in CK from September to November. Daily amplitude in 5～20 cm soil depth in wheat straw mulching treatments was very significantly (P<0.01) lower than that in CK, decreased by 0.39℃～3.63℃. The single fruit weight and yield of T2 were all the highest in four treatments, the yields of three wheat straw mulching treatments were significantly (P<0.01) higher than CK, increased by 10.70%～20.83%. Water use efficiency of fresh yield of wheat straw mulching treatments was significantly (P<0.01) higher than CK, increased by 9.87%～20.87%. Wheat straw mulching treatments had little effect on tree growth and shoot ratio. In view of comprehensive effects and input and output ratio, it was suitable for apple orchard to apply wheat straw mulching with 22 000～33 000 kg·hm-2 in this area. |
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