| 夏文豪,刘涛,唐诚,王进,褚贵新.北疆滴灌玉米施氮量估算及减氮增铵效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):79~84 |
| 北疆滴灌玉米施氮量估算及减氮增铵效应 |
| N recommendation and decreasing usage of nitrogen and enhanced ammonium for maize under drip irrigation condition |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.01.12 |
| 中文关键词: 水氮一体化 施氮量 增铵营养 氮肥利用率 滴灌玉米 |
| 英文关键词:water and nitrogen integrated management N application rate decreasing usage of nitrogen and enhanced ammonium nitrogen use efficiency maize under drip irrigation |
| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑项目(2012BAD42B02) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 根据产量与施氮量函数模型计算滴灌玉米施氮量，并通过减氮增铵改善滴灌玉米氮素营养，探索滴灌水氮一体化下优化施氮策略。2013—2014年两年田间试验表明：玉米产量、干物质量及氮素吸收量均随施氮量的增加显著升高，当施氮量大于435 kg·hm-2时，则呈下降趋势，表现为N435＞N540＞N330＞N225＞N0；减氮增铵处理的上述指标表现为N375+CP＞N375>75%N375+CP>N0，当施氮量在330～435 kg·hm-2时，不同处理的玉米氮素吸收量与氮素收获指数差异均不显著，说明在此范围内减氮增铵对玉米干物质积累、玉米氮素营养及产量无负面影响；根据产量与施氮量间函数关系可得天山北坡滴灌玉米经济最佳产量17 049 kg·hm-2下的施氮量为402.5 kg·hm-2；施氮和增铵处理可显著增加玉米穗粒数、单穗重；氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均随施氮量增加而下降，氮肥利用率表现为N225(46.6%)＞N330(45.8%)＞N435(43.6%)＞N540(34.6%)；滴灌玉米氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均以75%N375+CP处理最高，分别比施氮量在330～435 kg·hm-2之间其他处理的平均值增加了31.4%、27.9%和5.8%、6.4%，说明减氮增铵可显著提高滴灌玉米氮素养分利用效率；天山北坡滴灌玉米优化施氮量为402.5 kg·hm-2，通过施用硝化抑制剂与尿素水氮一体化分次施入可实现减氮93.8 kg·hm-2，并显著提高氮肥利用率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to put forward an optimizing N fertilizer application strategy that achieves higher maize production as well as N utilization efficiency synchronously, two-year field plot experiment was carried out in crop growth season of 2013 and 2014. The amount of N was calculated according to the response curve of corn yield to N rates. Meanwhile, the influence of enhanced ammonium nutrition on maize dry weight accumulation, N uptake and maize production were also determined under fertigation condition. Results showed that maize yield, dry matter quantity and N uptake were significantly increased with nitrogen rate increasing from 225 kg·hm-2 to 435 kg·hm-2, and then decreased when N fertilizer application rate beyond 540 kg·hm-2. Generally, these traits variation order as N435>N540>N330>N225>N0. Furthermore, based on the obtained reasonable N recommendation rate in 2013, nitrapyrin was added with urea to regulate the supply ratio of NH4+/NO3-(i.e. enhanced ammonium nutrition), it was found that all above mentioned traits variation trend as N375+CP>N375>75% N375+CP>N0 in 2014. When nitrogen rate was at 330～435 kg·hm-2, there were no significant differences across all N treatments for both maize N uptake and N harvest index, indicating no negative influence either on dry mater, N uptake or maize yield even if the N recommendation rate reduced by 25% and plus nitrapyrin. According to the response curve of maize yield to N application rates, the optimizing economic yield of 17 049 kg·hm-2 was achieved at N application rate of 402.5 kg·hm-2. Moreover, Grains per spike and single panicle weight were significantly increased by N fertilizer and nitrapyrin amendment. N fertilizer partial productivity and N using efficiency were decreased with increasing N application rates, and the order of nitrogen use efficiency in deferent treatments was N225(46.6%)>N33045.8%)>N435(43.6%)>N540(34.6%). The greatest values for N partial productivity and N using efficiency were observed for 75% N375+CP treatment, and these increased by 31.4% and 27.9% for N partial productivity, increased by 5.8% and 6.4% for N using efficiency, respectively, compared with the N application rates ranges from 330～435 kg·hm-2, supporting that maize nitrogen use efficiency could be significantly improved by reducing N recommendation rate by 25% coupling with enhancing ammonium via nitrapyrin in drip irrigated condition. Overall, the optimizing N recommendation rate was 402.5 kg·hm-2 in drip irrigation agriculture in the area of northern Tianshan mountain. Moreover, through urea in combination with nitrapyrin repeated supply, significantly higher N using efficiency could be obtained and the amount of 93.8 kg·hm-2 could be saved, and thus, this fertilization pattern could regarded as an optimizing strategy for N management in fertigation system. |
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