| 李博文,杨长刚,兰雪梅,宋亚丽,李守蕾,常磊,韩凡香,程宏波,黄彩霞,柴守玺.秸秆带状覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(2):14~20 |
| 秸秆带状覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量的影响 |
| Effects of bundled straw covering on yield of dryland winter wheat in semiarid region |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.02.03 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆带状覆盖 旱地 冬小麦 产量 土壤水分 土壤温度 |
| 英文关键词:bundled straw covering dryland winter wheat yield soil moisture soil temperature |
| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-3-2-49)；公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)；盛彤笙科技创新基金 (GSAU-STS-1512) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索利于西北黄土高原旱作麦田可持续发展的覆盖保墒栽培新技术，通过大田试验研究了不同覆盖方式（秸秆带状覆盖：BSC，旧膜二茬利用：PAH，露地条播：CK）和不同施肥量（纯氮、P2O5分别为：90、120、150 kg·hm-2）对旱地冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明，覆盖方式与施肥量对冬小麦产量、产量三因素、生育期耗水量及水分利用效率有显著影响，且二者互作效应显著。秸秆带状覆盖下，籽粒产量达到5 305.0 kg·hm-2，较PAH和CK分别显著增加24.0%和37.5%，水分利用效率达10.8 kg·hm-2·mm-1，较PAH和CK分别显著提高20.6%和33.3%，且同等施肥量下BSC的产量和水分利用效率均显著高于PAH和CK。从产量三因素看，BSC单位面积穗数较PAH和CK分别显著提高27.0%和42.2%，而穗粒数分别降低14.3%和6.7%，千粒重分别降低2.3%和6.8%，差异均达显著水平。与CK相比，BSC和PAH全生育期表现为显著的增墒效应，其中返青前以BSC保墒效果最好，拔节后则以PAH保墒效果最好。比较全生育期0～25 cm土壤温度差异，BSC越冬前表现为增温效应，较CK高1.2℃，返青后表现为降温效应，较CK低1.8℃；而PAH全生育期表现为增温效应，平均较CK高0.9℃。通径分析表明，秸秆带状覆盖主要是通过改善土壤水热条件，显著提高单位面积穗数，从而提高冬小麦产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the purpose to probe new mulching cultivation technology for sustainable development of winter wheat in northwest Loess Plateau, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different mulching patterns (bundled straw covering: BSC, mulching with used plastic film after harvest: PAH, uncovered and row-seeding: CK) and fertilization treatments (pure N and P2O5: 90 kg·hm-2, 120 kg·hm-2, 150 kg·hm-2) on the yield of dryland winter wheat. The results showed that mulching patterns and fertilizer amount had significant effects on grain yield, yield components, water consumption amount and water use efficiency (WUE), and their interaction effect was also significant. The grain yield reached 5 305.0 kg·hm-2 under BSC, which was 24.0% and 37.5% higher than that under PAH and CK, and the WUE reached 10.8 kg·hm-2·mm-1, which was 20.6% and 33.3% higher than that under PAH and CK, respectively. Under same fertilizer amount, the yield and WUE of BSC were significantly higher than those of PAH and CK. In aspects of yield components, the spike number per unit area of BSC was 27.0% and 42.2% higher than that of PAH and CK, respectively; however, the grain number per spike reduced by 14.3% and 6.7%, and the 1000-grain weight reduced by 2.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Compared to CK, both BSC and PAH increased soil moisture significantly during the whole growth period, in which BSC was the best before the revival stage, and PAH was the best after the jointing stage. By comparing the difference of soil temperature in 0～25 cm during the whole growth period, it was found that BSC showed a warming effect before wintering, being 1.2℃ higher than CK, but it showed a cooling effect after revival stage, being 1.8℃ lower than CK; PAH showed a warming effect during the whole growth period, being 0.9℃ higher than CK in average. Based on path analysis, it was concluded that BSC increased the spike number per unit area and the yield of winter wheat mainly by improving soil hydrothermal condition. |
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