曹庆军,李刚,杨粉团,宋凤斌,姜晓莉,陈喜凤.模拟犁底层对春玉米物质积累及转运与分配的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(2):46~50
模拟犁底层对春玉米物质积累及转运与分配的影响
Effects of simulated plow pan on accumulation, transportation and distribution of dry matter in spring maize
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.02.08
中文关键词:  春玉米  犁底层  深松  物质积累  物质分配
英文关键词:spring maize  plow pan  subsoiling  dry matter accumulation  dry matter distribution
基金项目:“948”项目（2011-G19）；吉林省科技发展计划项目（2015GJLS003NY）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（(31071370）
作者单位
曹庆军 吉林省农业科学院/农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室， 吉林 长春 130033；中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所， 吉林 长春 130102 
李刚 吉林省农业科学院/农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室， 吉林 长春 130033 
杨粉团 吉林省农业科学院/农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室， 吉林 长春 130033 
宋凤斌 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所， 吉林 长春 130102 
姜晓莉 吉林省农业科学院/农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室， 吉林 长春 130033 
陈喜凤 吉林省农业科学院/农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室， 吉林 长春 130033 
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中文摘要:
      采用PVC管栽的方法，研究了模拟犁底层和深松处理对春玉米物质积累、转运与分配的影响。结果表明：采用Richards方程可较好地模拟（拟合度r=0.9987～0.9991）玉米出苗后不同天数干物质积累量动态，犁底层处理下玉米最大生长速率以及活跃生长持续期均低于深松处理，表明犁底层限制了玉米的发育进程，同时，也影响了地上干物质积累及其在器官中的分配。犁底层处理成熟期干物质在各器官的分配量显著低于深松处理，但茎的物质分配比例显著高于深松，说明犁底层的存在降低了茎器官向籽粒的转移量和转移率，并最终导致玉米的单株籽粒产量下降。因此，采取深松处理，打破犁底层是当前条件下东北春玉米实现再高产的重要措施。
英文摘要:
      A pot experiment with PVC tube was conducted to investigate the effects of simulation plow pan and subsoiling on the accumulation, transportation and distribution of dry matter in spring maize. The results indicated that the dynamic change of dry matter accumulation in different days after emergence could be well fitted by the model of Richard's equation (r=0.9987～0.9991). The maximum growth rate and active growth duration days under plow pan were significantly lower than those under subsoiling, showing that plow pan limited the development of maize, and also inhibited the dry matter accumulation in above-ground parts and its distribution to different organs. The total amount of dry matter distributed to different organs at maturity under plow pan was significantly lower than that under subsoiling. On the contrary, the ratio of dry matter distributed to stem under plow pan was significantly higher than that under subsoiling, which demonstrated that the amount and rate of dry matter transfer from stem to kernels were reduced by the existence of plow pan, resulting in the reduce of grain yield per plant consequently. In conclusion, breaking plow pan by deep subsoiling is an important measure to achieve high yield of spring maize in Northeast China at present.
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