| 苏丽丽,李亚杰,徐文修,唐江华,陈传信,郝维维,王娜.耕作方式对土壤理化性状及夏大豆产量的影响分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):43~48 |
| 耕作方式对土壤理化性状及夏大豆产量的影响分析 |
| Effects of tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties and yield of summer soybean |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.03.07 |
| 中文关键词: 夏大豆 耕作方式 土壤容重 土壤孔隙度 土壤含水量 土壤养分 产量 |
| 英文关键词:summer soybean tillage methods soil bulk density soil porosity soil moisture soil nutrient yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（31560372）；新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目资助(XJAUGRI2015020)；国家自然科学基金资助项目（31260312） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同耕作方式对土壤理化性状及夏大豆产量的影响，评价出最适宜伊犁河谷地区滴灌条件下复播大豆农田的耕作方式，2012—2014年开展了冬小麦收获后土壤翻耕覆膜(TP)、翻耕(T)、旋耕(RT)和免耕(NT)四种不同耕作方式的复播大豆田间试验。结果表明，各处理土壤容重、孔隙度、含水量、养分和产量均表现出差异性。0～60 cm的平均容重以NT处理最大，达1.4 g·cm-3，分别比RT、T、TP处理高出2.2%、4.5%、5.3%。0～30 cm土层的土壤总孔隙度均以TP处理的最高，其平均值分别比T、NT、RT高出1.4%、3.8%、5.7%。30 cm以下各处理的土壤总孔隙度虽有减少，但差异不显著。各处理各个生育时期土壤含水量基本均表现为TP>T>RT>NT。SOC、全N、全P含量表现为在0～20 cm土层以NT处理最高，20～40 cm土层以TP最高，T处理次之。TP和T处理显著提高0～40 cm土层土壤速效N、速效P含量。大豆产量均表现为翻耕覆膜处理最高，分别比T、RT和NT处理高出15.2%、30.8%和31.9%。本试验条件下，虽然免耕能够增加土壤养分含量，但翻耕覆膜措施不仅有效改善了土壤物理环境，而且更有利于提高复播大豆产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties and yield of summer soybean, and to present an optimum cropping pattern which was suited to the soybean field in Yili River Valley under drip irrigation, a soybean field experiment in which there were four different tillage methods, i.e., tillage (T), rotary tillage (RT), no-till (NT), and tillage and plough (TP), have been carried out after the harvest of winter wheat from 2012 to 2014. The results showed that there had differences in soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil moisture, soil nutrient content and yield of soybean among four treatments. Average soil bulk density in 0～60 cm was the largest in NT, up to 1.4 g·cm-3, which was 2.2%, 4.5%, 5.3% higher than RT, T, TP treatment, respectively. The soil total porosity in 0～30 cm was highest in TP treatment and it was 1.4%, 3.8% and 5.7% higher than that of T, NT and RT, respectively. The total soil porosity below 30 cm was not significantly different. The soil water content at all measurement time showed a trend of TP>T>RT>NT. Soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P content in 0～20 cm soil layer were the highest in NT treatment, while for 20～40 cm soil layer they were highest in TP, followed by T treatment. TP and T treatments significantly increased soil available N and available P content in 0～40 cm soil layer. The yield, 1 369.5 kg·hm-2, was the highest in TP treatment for three years, which was 15.2%, 30.8% and 31.9% higher than that of T, RT and NT treatment. Therefore, it could be concluded that no tillage increased soil nutrient content, but film mulching after tillage could significantly improve soil physical environment, and be helpful to raise soybean yield. |
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