| 孙乾坤,章建新,赵连佳,薛丽华,段丽娜.不同滴灌量下冬小麦耗水特性及干物质积累分配研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):66~73 |
| 不同滴灌量下冬小麦耗水特性及干物质积累分配研究 |
| Water consumption and dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheat under different drip irrigation amount |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.03.11 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 滴灌量 耗水量 干物质积累 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:winter wheat drip irrigation amount water consumption dry matter accumulation yield WUE |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31101121)；新疆农业大学产学研联合培养研究生示范基地项目(xjaucxy-yjs-20151009) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在2013—2014年、2014—2015年田间试验研究了W1(2 550、2 325 m3·hm-2)，W2(3 450、3 000 m3·hm-2)，W3(4 350、3 675 m3·hm-2），W4(5 250、4 350 m3·hm-2)4种滴水量处理对0～140 cm土层含水量及小麦叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累分配、水分利用效率及产量等的影响。结果表明，拔节至灌浆期间，在每次滴水225～900 m3·hm-2的范围内，增加滴水量主要直接增加0～60 cm土层含水量，间接减少60～140 cm土层储水消耗量，W4土壤储水消耗较W1减少50%左右；增加拔节至成熟期间冬小麦群体叶面积指数、光合势；增加干物质积累量和花后光合产物对子粒的贡献率，降低花前营养器官贮藏物向子粒的转移量、转移率和其对子粒的贡献率，增加产量、降低灌溉水利用效率。总滴水量大于3 675 m3·hm-2（其中，拔节至灌浆期间的滴水量大于2 700 m3·hm-2）增产不显著，并且大幅度降低灌溉水利用效率。降水量对冬小麦产量形成影响很小，灌水量对小麦产量和水分利用效率起决定性作用；北疆冬小麦全生育期适宜总滴水量为3 450～3 675 m3·hm-2（其中，拔节期、孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期各450～675 m3·hm-2），可以获得的产量是6 737.4～8 604.1 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To research water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution for high yielding winter wheat in North Xinjiang, four drip irrigation amount treatments, i.e. W1(2 550, 2 325 m3·hm-2), W2(3 450, 3 000 m3·hm-2), W3(4 350, 3 675 m3·hm-2), and W4(5 250, 4 350 m3·hm-2）, were applied in 2013—2014 and 2014—2015 years. We measured the leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation, and moisture contents at 0～140 cm soil layers. The results showed that increase in drip water amount improved moisture contents mainly at the 0～60 cm soil layers, while reduced the storage consumption of 60～140 cm soil layers with a range of 225～900 m3·hm-2 from booting and filling stage. The consumption of W4 was reduced by about 50% compared with W1, from booting and maturity stages. Increase in yield was not significant when total drip water amount being above 3 675 m3·hm-2. The effect of precipitation was very small on winter wheat yield, but irrigation amount played a decisive role in the yield and WUE of winter wheat. The proposed drip water amount was 3 450～3 675 m3·hm-2 for the whole growth period of winter wheat in North Xinjiang, with a yield level of 6 737.4～8 604.1 kg·hm-2. |
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