| 张洪培,陈迎迎,沈玉芳,李世清.旱地农田春玉米氮素吸收利用对栽培模式的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):205~210 |
| 旱地农田春玉米氮素吸收利用对栽培模式的响应 |
| Response of nitrogen accumulation and utilization to the cultivation mode in dryland spring maize field |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.04.31 |
| 中文关键词: 春玉米 旱作农田 栽培模式 生育期 氮素累积 氮利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:spring maize dryland cultivation patterns growth stage nitrogen accumulation nitrogen utilization efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31270553，51279197)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项(YQ2013009)；杨凌示范区科技计划项目(2014NY-30) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于长期定位试验，选取玉米6个关键生育期六叶期（V6）、十叶期(V10)、吐丝期(R1)、乳熟期(R3)、蜡熟期(R5)、生理成熟期(R6)，比较了高产高效栽培模式（HH）与当地传统栽培模式（LT）之间春玉米氮素吸收利用的差异。结果表明：(1) HH模式的植株含氮量在V6期（39.3 g·kg-1）显著高于LT模式（31.9 g·kg-1），而在V10和R1期则显著低于LT模式；(2) HH模式在各时期植株氮吸收量均显著高于LT模式，在R1期前，各器官氮素累积量大小为叶片>茎，R1期后各器官氮素累积量大小为籽粒>叶片>茎>苞叶、穗轴；(3) 两种栽培模式下，氮素转移量和转移氮素贡献率均表现为叶片>茎>穗轴>苞叶，但HH模式显著高于LT模式；(4) HH模式的籽粒产量(15 326 kg·hm-2)和氮肥偏生产力(61.30 kg·kg-1)极显著高于LT模式，但两种模式间氮素收获指数和氮素利用率差异不显著。HH模式可促进干物质生产和氮肥利用，是有效的黄土旱塬春玉米增产增效栽培模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency, the research on different water and nitrogen management is needed, which provide some scientific basis for the construction of the high-yield and high-efficiency spring maize cultivation system on the Loess Plateau. A long-term field experiment was designed and conducted in Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experiment Station, and samples were taken at six key maize growing periods, namely, the 6th leaf stage (V6), the 10th leaf stage (V10), the silking stage (R1), the milk stage (R3), the dent stage (R5) and the physiological maturity stage (R6)). The study is to establish the relation of the nitrogen uptake and utilization in the high-yield and high-efficiency treatment (HH) in contrast with the local traditional treatment (LT). The results showed (1) Crop nitrogen content in HH (39.3 g·kg-1) was significantly higher than in LT (31.9 g·kg-1) at the V6 stage, but significantly lower at the R1 and V10 stages. (2) Nitrogen uptake at each growing stage in HH was significantly higher than that in LT, and the nitrogen accumulation in leaf was higher than that in stem before the R1 stage, while it was in the descending order of kernel＞leaf＞stem＞bract and cob after this stage. (3) The nitrogen transfer amount and nitrogen transfer contribution rate in HH were significantly higher than those in LT, but the both management patterns showed similar trend, that is, leaf> stem> cob> bract. (4) The grain yield (15 326 kg·hm-2) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFP) (61.30 kg·kg-1) in HH was significantly higher than those in LT, but there was no significant difference in the nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Consequently, the HH was effective in improving the amounts of accumulated dry matter and the nitrogen utilization. HH could be a more effective approach to improving spring-sown maize yield on the Loess Plateau. |
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