| 尚艳,赵鸿,柴守玺.气候变化与品种更新对黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):66~72 |
| 气候变化与品种更新对黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦的影响 |
| Effects of climate change and cultivars change on winter wheat in semi-arid region of loess plateau in northeast China |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.05.10 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 气候变化 品种更新 生育期 温度 降水量 产量 |
| 英文关键词:winter wheat climate change cultivars change growth period temperature precipitation yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金委(31560356)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-3-2-49);公益性行业（农业）科研专项资助项目(201303104) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用甘肃省通渭农业气象观测站1981—2010年的气象和农气观测资料，运用相关分析、趋势分析和方差分析等方法，就气候变化与品种变化对黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明：近30年来该地区在冬小麦生育期内温度升高（增长率为0.225℃·10a-1）、降水量减少（减少率为23.879 mm·10a-1），气候呈现暖干化趋势。降水的减少与品种更新均导致冬小麦的生育期明显缩短。近30年来，甘肃省通渭县冬小麦产量增加了4 514.97 kg·hm-2，冬小麦生育期内温度的增加和降水量的减少对产量增加没有明显促进作用。冬小麦品种的改良可提高产量8.8%～132.0%，其变异系数在4.1%～65.6%之间。方差分析结果表明，不同品种间的平均产量之间存在显著的差异（F=4.056，P<0.01）。通过分析产量在年际间、气候要素间和品种间的变化，可以发现品种的更新是冬小麦产量显著提高的原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This research, based on the observational data of climate and agrometeorology from 1981 to 2010 of Tongwei meteorological observation station in Gansu Province, conducted primary research toward the influence of climate change and cultivars change on the winter wheat in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau through correlation analysis, trend analysis, variance analysis and other methods. The results showed that the district has warming and drying trend that the temperature increased (increase rate: 0.225℃·10a-1) and the precipitation decreased (decrease rate: 23.879 mm·10a-1) in the past 30 years. The reduction of precipitation and cultivars shift led to the shortening of winter wheat growth period. In the past 30 years, the winter wheat yield of Tongwei County in Gansu has increased by 4 514.97 kg·hm-2, temperature increase and precipitation decrease during its duration period have no obvious effect on the increase of winter wheat yield (facilitation influence). The cultivars shift toward winter wheat can increase the yield at a range of 8.8%～132.0% and the variable coefficient was within 4.1%～65.6%. The variance analysis showed that the average yield of different cultivars have significant difference (F=4.056，P<0.01). It can be found that the cultivars shift led to a significant increase of winter wheat yield through analyzing the yield changes of different years, climate and cultivars. |
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