焦瑞,赵英,司炳成,兰志龙,张建国.黄土高原退耕还林措施对深层土壤含水率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):129~135
黄土高原退耕还林措施对深层土壤含水率的影响
Effects of conversion of cropland to forest measures on deep soil moisture in Loess Plateau
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.05.19
中文关键词:  深层土壤水分  退耕还林  土壤质地  植物根系  黄土高原
英文关键词:deep soil water  conversion of cropland to forest  soil texture  plant roots  Loess Plateau
基金项目:陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目（2014KJXX-44）；国家自然科学基金（4137124，41371233，41471222）和中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所人才专项共同资助
作者单位
焦瑞 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
赵英 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
司炳成 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
兰志龙 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
张建国 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100
黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
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中文摘要:
      深层土壤水分分布状况对于黄土高原植被恢复和农业可持续发展意义重大。对陕北黄土区不同退耕还林措施（1979年种植的侧柏林、油松林和苹果林）及农地（对照）20 m深土壤剖面的土壤水分、根系分布状况及土壤粘粒含量进行了取样分析。结果表明：退耕还林措施显著降低了土壤含水率，总体表现为农地（11.30%）>苹果林（6.66%）≈油松林（6.48%）≈侧柏林（5.92%）。深层土壤含水率同时受植物根系和土壤质地的影响，植物根系是影响4～10 m土壤含水率的主要因素，根系通过吸水作用降低了土壤含水率，但随着深度的增加，根系对土壤含水率的影响逐渐减弱，土壤质地对土壤含水率的影响逐渐增强，土壤含水率与土壤粘粒含量之间呈正相关关系。侧柏人工林根系影响土壤水分深度可达18 m，油松林的影响深度为16 m，35 a树龄的苹果林耗水深度为19 m左右。
英文摘要:
      Deep soil water distribution has great significance for vegetation restoration and sustainable development of agriculture in Loess Plateau. In this study, soil samples in a depth of 20 m profile under different conversion of cropland to forest measures (artificial Chinese Arborvitae forest, artificial Chinese Pine forest and apple forest planted in 1979) and cropland (as contrast) were collected. The soil moisture concentration, roots distribution and soil clay concentration were measured. The results demonstrated that the conversion of cropland to forest measures significantly reduced soil moisture concentration. Cropland had the highest moisture concentration (11.30%) in the four types of land use, whereas there are small differences of soil moisture concentration among artificial apple forest (6.66%), Chinese Pine forest (6.48%) and Chinese Arborvitae forest (5.92%) had little differences in soil moisture concentration. Soil moisture concentration was influenced by plant roots and soil texture. Plant roots were the main factors affecting the deep soil moisture concentration, roots through the suction effect of reducing the soil moisture concentration. With the increasing of soil depth, the effects of roots on soil moisture concentration was gradually weakened whereas soil texture effect becomes more significant. The influence of depth is 18 m for Chinese Arborvitae forest, 16 m for Chinese Pine forest and is 19 m for old apple forest.
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