| 木合塔尔·扎热,哈地尔·依沙克,赵蕾,陶秀冬,史彦江,吴正保.有机肥与化肥配施对土壤微生物、土质及骏枣果实品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):182~188 |
| 有机肥与化肥配施对土壤微生物、土质及骏枣果实品质的影响 |
| Effects of different application proportion of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on fruit quality of Jun jujube, soil microorganism and properties |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.05.27 |
| 中文关键词: 骏枣 微生物群落 土壤呼吸 土壤容重 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:Jun jujube microbial community soil respiration soil bulk density fruit quality |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区“十二五”重大科技专项（201130102-2）；新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅公益性科研院所基本费专项 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以10年生骏枣树作为研究对象，采用田间试验方法，研究有机肥与化肥配施对骏枣园土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量，土壤呼吸速率、容重和pH值以及骏枣果实品质和叶果比等指标的影响。结果表明：随着复混肥中有机肥和化肥使用量的增加，土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均呈现逐渐上升趋势，其中增加有机肥促进土壤微生物群落数量提升的效应明显高于化肥。土壤呼吸速率也随着复混肥施用量的增加缓慢增高，T12(有机肥：8 kg·株-1; N:450 g·株-1; P:300 g·株-1; K:300 g·株-1)处理的土壤呼吸速率最大，其在果实膨大期和成熟期的土壤呼吸速率分别为3.03±0.02、2.24±0.02 μmol·m-2·s-1，比对照分别高71.0%、86.2%。随着复混肥中有机肥施用量的增加，土壤容重表现出下降趋势，其中T4(有机肥：8 kg·株-1; N:150 g·株-1; P:100 g·株-1; K:100 g·株-1)处理的土壤容重最低，为1.36±0.02 g·cm-3，比对照低0.11 g·cm-3。土壤有机质含量随着有机肥比例的增加而上升，随着化肥施用比例的增加而下降，随着有机肥施用比例的增加碱性土壤的pH值有逐渐下降的趋势，而化肥增施对碱性土壤pH值的影响不显著。有机肥与化肥不同配施对骏枣果实可溶性糖含量的影响均不显著，对可滴定酸含量和糖酸比均有一定程度的影响；果实Vc含量随着复混肥中有机肥和化肥施用量的增加而上升，各施肥处理的果实Vc含量均显著高于CK。骏枣叶果比随着复混肥施用量的增加呈现逐渐上升趋势，各处理中T3与T5和T6，T4与T7，T8与T9和T10处理之间均无显著差异。总之，合理配比的有机-无机复混肥的施用对干旱、半干旱地区红枣产业的可持续发展具有较大应用前途。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 10 years old Jun jujube tree was used as research object. Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on the soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, soil respiration rate, bulk density and pH value in Jun jujube orchard, the fruit quality and leaf-fruit ratio of Jun jujube and other indicators. The results showed that the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil showed a gradual increase with the increase of organic manure and chemical fertilizer usage in compound fertilizer, and the effect of increasing organic fertilizer on the increase of soil microbial community was obvious higher than that of chemical fertilizers. The soil respiration rate of T12(Organic fertilizer：8 kg·plant-1; N:450 g·plant-1; P:300 g·plant-1; K:300 g·plant-1) was highest, and the soil respiration rate was 3.03±0.02 μmol·m-2·s-1 at fruit enlargement stage and 2.24±0.02 μmol·m-2·s-1 at maturity stage, 71.0% and 86.2% higher than the control, respectively. The soil bulk density was the lowest in the soil treated with T4i(organic ferbilizer: 8 kg·plant-1; N:150 g·plant-1; P:100 g·plant-1; K:100 g·plant-1), and the soil bulk density was 1.36±0.02 g·cm-3, which was 0.11 g·cm-3 lower than that of the control. The content of soil organic matter increased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer, and decreased with the increase of the proportion of chemical fertilizer. With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer, the pH value of alkaline soil decreased gradually, while the effect of chemical fertilizer on alkaline soil pH was not significant. The effects of different application proportion of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on the soluble sugar content of jujube fruits were not obvious, but the contents of available titratable acid and the ratio of sugar and acid had a certain degree influence. The content of Vc in fruits of the fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that in CK, and the content of Vc in fruits was increased with the increasing of amount of organic-inorganic fertilizer. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between T3 and T5, T6, T4 and T7, T8 and T9 and T10 in the treatment. In a word, the application of organic-inorganic fertilizer with reasonable proportion has great application prospects for the sustainable development of Jun jujube industuy in arid semi-arid areas. |
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