| 王国栋,曾胜和,陈云,梁飞,张磊.控墒补灌下春玉米光合特性、叶片衰老研究及最适灌溉量估算[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(6):19~26 |
| 控墒补灌下春玉米光合特性、叶片衰老研究及最适灌溉量估算 |
| Estimation of photosynthetic characteristics, leaf senescence and optimal irrigation amount for spring maize by drip irrigation under controlled soil moisture and supplementary irrigation |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.06.03 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 控墒补灌 滴灌 光合特性 叶片衰老 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:maize controlled soil moisture and supplementary irrigation drip irrigation photosynthetic characteristics leaf senescence yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（31460550）；国家科技支撑计划课题“大规模寒地粮食产能综合性保护技术及装备（2014BAD06B04）；兵团青年科技创新资金专项（2014CB010）；兵团现代农业科技攻关与成果转化项目（2016AC008）；新疆农垦科学院科技引导计划项目（58YYD201306） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以玉米品种郑单958为材料，于2014—2015年在新疆石河子进行大田试验，设置5个控墒补灌栽培模式，研究了控墒下限对绿洲区滴灌春玉米光合特性、叶片衰老和水分利用效率的影响，并估算了本区玉米高产栽培的最佳灌溉量。试验结果表明，大喇叭口、抽雄及吐丝期土壤墒度过低或过高会显著（P<0.05）降低玉米株高、叶面积指数(LAI)及干物质积累量。灌浆期土壤墒度保持在田间持水量85%的栽培模式，玉米穗位叶净光合速率（Pn）、实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、光化学淬灭系数(qP)及光合电子传递速率（rETR）可分别较墒度70%栽培模式提高71.7%、81.8%、71.6%和54.9%，但却会降低单叶的水分利用效率（WUEL）。同时，花后同化物输入量及其对子粒的贡献率分别提高105.2%、20.3%，叶片衰老持续期延缓了8.1 d。二次曲线拟合表明，最佳灌量为539.9 mm时能取得14.9×103 kg·hm-2的高产，可同时兼顾产量与灌溉效益的最大化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A maize variety of the Zhengdan 958 was planted in Shihezi of Xinjiang, to carry out a field experiment during 2014 to 2015 which set up five cultivated model with controlled soil moisture and supplementary irrigation. The influences of the lower limitation of controlled soil moisture to the photosynthetic characteristics, leaf senescence and water use efficiency of spring maize by drip irrigation in oasis region were researched, and estimated the optimal irrigation amount for high yield maize cultivation. The test results showed that: If the soil moisture too lower or too higher (P<0.05) in the flare opening, tassel and silking periods, the plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation will be significantly reduced. The cultivated model of the soil moisture was kept 85% field capacity in filling stage, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of ear and leaf, actual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSⅡ), photochemical quenching(qP) and photosynthetic electron transport rate (rETR) can be increased by 71.7%, 81.8%, 71.6% and 54.9% respectively, compared with 70% field capacity. But the water use efficiency (WUEL) of single leaf will be decreased. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic yield and its contribution rate to grain in post-anthesis will be increased by 105.2% and 20.3%, respectively, and the leaf senescence duration was delayed about 8.1 days. The fitting result by quadratic curve showed that when the optimal irrigation amount was 539.9 mm, the high yield of 14.9×103 kg·hm-2 can be obtained, the maximal yield and irrigation benefit can be taken into account simultaneously. |
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