| 王友生,王多尧.不同覆盖种植模式对马铃薯土壤温度、水分及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(6):59~64 |
| 不同覆盖种植模式对马铃薯土壤温度、水分及产量的影响 |
| Effects of mulching patterns on soil temperature, soil moisture and yield of potato |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.06.09 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 覆盖 种植模式 土壤温度 土壤水分 产量 |
| 英文关键词:potato mulching cultivation pattern soil temperature soil moisture yield |
| 基金项目:陇原青年创新创业人才项目；甘肃省自然基金项目(145RJZA088) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以陇薯6号为试验材料，研究了不同覆盖种植模式对甘肃定西马铃薯田土壤温度、水分和产量的影响，并对其经济效益进行分析比较。结果表明，全地面覆盖双垄垄作侧播和全地面覆盖垄上微沟穴播处理在马铃薯整个生育期0～30 cm平均土壤温度较CK增加2.2℃和2.5℃，秸秆带状覆盖处理平均土壤温度较CK降低了1.0℃。覆膜垄沟集雨和秸秆带状覆盖技术都能明显改善土壤水分状况，在马铃薯生长前期集雨保墒效果尤为明显，出苗期全地面覆盖双垄垄作侧播、全地面覆盖垄上微沟穴播、秸秆带状覆盖在0～100 cm平均土壤含水量分别较CK提高2.6%和2.2%和1.6%。各处理马铃薯土壤温度和含水量垂直变化随着土壤深度的增加而减弱。全地面覆盖双垄垄作侧播、全地面覆盖垄上微沟穴播和秸秆带状覆盖增产效果明显，产量分别较CK增加33.6%、28.6%和23.2%。全地面覆盖双垄垄作侧播纯收益最高，秸秆带状覆盖次之，纯收益较CK分别增加7 201.56 元·hm-2和5 996.04 元·hm-2。因此，黑膜全覆盖双垄垄作侧播技术在改善土壤水温效应的同时能显著增产增收，是定西地区马铃薯种植的高效栽培模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The paper studied the effects of mulching patterns on soil moisture, soil temperature, yield, and economic returns of potato cultivation in Gansu Dingxi, using Longshu6 as test material. The results showed that the average temperature in 0～30 cm soil layer under whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and ridge side planting and whole plastic film mulching on big ridge and ridge furrow side planting were 2.2℃ and 2.5℃ higher than that of the control, respectively. In contrast, the temperature in 0～30 cm soil layer under bundled straw covering was 1.0℃ lower than that of the control. Besides, the plastic film mulching and bundled straw covering treatments improved soil moisture in the potato growing period, especially early growth of potato. The average soil moisture content in 0～100 cm soil layer under whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and ridge side planting, whole plastic film mulching on big ridge and ridge furrow side planting and bundled straw covering were 2.6%, 2.2% and 1.6% higher than that of the control at emergence stage, respectively. The vertical variation of soil temperature and moisture content in each treatment decreased with the increase of soil depth. Compared with the control, potato yield with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and ridge side planting, whole plastic film mulching on big ridge and ridge furrow side planting and bundled straw covering significantly increased by 33.6%, 28.6% and 23.2% respectively. The total net income with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and ridge side planting was the highest, followed by the bundled straw covering technique, and the total net income increased by 7 201.56 yuan·hm-2 and 5 996.04 yuan·hm-2 respectively compared to the control. Therefore, whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and ridge side planting can not only effectively increase soil temperature but also improve soil water content, thus considered to be efficient planting pattern for potato production in Gansu Dingxi. |
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