| 张婕,任磊,尚嘉琪,胡小燕,黄如鑫,郝晓冬,贺思腾,吕晋慧.自然降水条件下林地套种茶菊高产栽培技术研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(6):65~72 |
| 自然降水条件下林地套种茶菊高产栽培技术研究 |
| Cultivation technology for high yield of tea/chrysanthemum interplanting in woodland under rainfed condition |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.06.10 |
| 中文关键词: 茶菊 林地 套种 施肥 摘心 覆膜技术 干物质量 每平方米产量 |
| 英文关键词:tea chrysanthemum woodland interplanting fertilization pinch covering film technology dry biomass flower yield per square metre |
| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD01B07)；山西省攻关项目(20120311015-2)；2014年山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练项目(2014089) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以茶菊品种‘乳荷’为材料，在自然降水条件下，就移栽方式、栽植密度、摘心次数和施肥处理等栽培技术对林地套种茶菊栽培模式下‘乳荷’的生长发育及开花等的影响进行了研究。结果表明：‘裸根移栽+生根粉+塑料薄膜覆盖’处理移栽成活率最高，比裸根移栽提高了2.42%；覆膜条件下，40 cm×40 cm株行距处理，‘乳荷’植株株高、冠幅、每平方米花产量显著高于其它处理，其中产花量分别比30 cm×30 cm、40 cm×40 cm株行距处理高出45 g·m-2、58.33 g·m-2，比不覆膜下40 cm×40 cm株行距处理高出236.67 g·m-2；摘心1次处理，‘乳荷’冠幅、单株花朵数和每平方米花产量显著高于其它处理，其中每平方米花产量分别比摘心2次和对照增加40 g和20 g；单施肥试验表明，N1处理下(幼苗期和生殖生长期分别施用50%的氮)，促进‘乳荷’生长，表现在分枝数、花径、重瓣性、冠幅、植株总生物量显著高于其它处理，N1、N2处理下(幼苗期、快速生长期、生殖生长期分别施用40%、30%、30%的氮)‘乳荷’单朵花鲜重、单株花朵数和每平米花产量显著高于其它处理，每平米花产量分别达125.00 g·m-2和126.66 g·m-2。综上，山西林地套种茶菊适宜栽培技术为：裸根移栽结合生根粉处理和塑料薄膜覆盖技术，定植株行距为40 cm×40 cm，摘心1次，并采用N1或N2施肥处理可获得较高生产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Under natural rainfed condition, factors affecting the growth, development, flowering and the productivity of ‘Ruhe’ (a tea chrysanthemum cultivar) were studied regarding cultivation techniques like transplanting method, planting density, the number of pinching and fertilization management. When planting seedlings‘Ruhe’with naked root were treated with the rooting powder, and covered with plastic film, a 2.42% increase was obtained compared to direct planting seedlings with naked root. Planting at row spacing 40 cm×40 cm with film covering showed higher plant height, canopy and flower yield per square meter than that of other treatments, with flower yields being 45 g·m-2, 58.33 g·m-2 higher than 30 cm×30 cm, 40 cm×40 cm row spacing and 236.67 g·m-2 higher than the 40 cm×40 cm row spacing. Flower per square meter for pinch once was 40 g and 20 g higher than pinch twice and control, respectively. Results of single fertilization experiment demonstrated N1 treatment promotes plant growth and performs better in number of branches, flower diameter, double layer flower, canopy breadth, plant total biomass than other treatments, with flower fresh weight, number and per square meter per plant flowers flower production being significantly higher for N1 and N2 treatments. In conclusion, the best practice for Shanxi forest land interplanting cultivation techniques of chrysanthemum tea is using naked-root transplanting with plastic film covering technology, setting the plant row spacing of 40 cm× 40 cm, pinching once, and using the N1 and N2 fertilization treatment. |
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