| 王小英,陈占飞,胡凡,同延安.陕西省农田化肥投入过量与不足的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(6):159~165 |
| 陕西省农田化肥投入过量与不足的研究 |
| Study on the excessive and insufficient of chemical fertilizer inputs on farmland in Shaanxi Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.06.24 |
| 中文关键词: 农田 化肥 施肥量 评价 陕西省 |
| 英文关键词:cropland chemical fertilization fertilizing amount evaluation Shaanxi Province |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)；十二五国家科技支撑计划“西部水土流失和瘠薄干旱中低产田改良技术集成示范”支助项目(2012BAD05B03)；高等学校学科创新引智计划(B12007) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用2006—2011年陕西省69个测土配方施肥项目县的施肥调查信息，总结了主要作物小麦、玉米、马铃薯、油菜、水稻和苹果的化肥施用状况。结果表明，陕西省农田氮肥投入过量较严重，尤其是种植面积较大的小麦、玉米和苹果，农户氮肥投入过量比例分别为68.42%、63.25%和72.30%，全省氮肥投入过量数量达25.76万t,仅过量投入的氮肥排放CO2量高达331.02万t。而马铃薯、油菜和水稻作物氮肥投入过量和不足并存，过量比例分别为26.88%、15.22%和22.60%，不足比例分别为33.76%、46.23%和29.36%。磷肥投入过量和不足并存，全省磷肥投入过量数量达9.32万t，小麦、玉米、马铃薯、油菜、水稻和苹果磷肥投入过量比例分别为41.00%、30.79%、25.03%、26.24%、11.18%和50.02%，不足比例分别为38.09%、58.76%、14.87%、46.16%、46.46%和29.81%。钾肥投入则表现为严重不足，全省钾肥投入不足的农户占60.00%以上。另外，如果施肥不足的农户将化肥氮、磷、钾施用增加到合理水平，主要农作物产量相应增加，尤其是磷、钾肥增产效果更明显。因此，为了粮食安全和环境保护的双重目的，今后陕西省农田施肥的重点是平衡氮肥和磷肥用量，增加钾肥用量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the current status of chemical fertilization on farmlands, including wheat, maize, potato, rape, rice and apple, the household survey data from 69 counties in the project “soil testing and formulated fertilization in 2006—2011” were analyzed. The results show that in Shaanxi Province nitrogen fertilizer inputs were excessive, especially for the tree major crops of wheat, maize and apple, with the proportion of the households fertilized being as high as 68.42%, 63.25% and 72.30% respectively. The excessive amount of N inputs was 257.6 thousand tons, with the annual emissions of CO2 up to 3.3102 million tons at the province level. In addition, nitrogen fertilizer inputs phenomenon of excessive and insufficient existed at the same time for potato, rape and rice, and the excessive level were 26.88%, 15.22% and 22.60% respectively and the insufficient level 33.76%, 46.23% and 29.36% respectively for the three crops. The same as nitrogen inputs, phosphate fertilizer inputs phenomenon of excessive and insufficient also existed at the same time, and the excessive amount of P2O5 inputs was 93.2 thousand tons for the whole province every year. For wheat, maize, potato, rape, rice and apple, the proportion of the households fertilized with excessive level of P2O5 inputs were 41.00%, 30.79%, 25.03%, 26.24%, 11.18% and 50.02% respectively, and the proportion of the households fertilized with insufficient level of P2O5 inputs were 38.09%, 58.76%, 14.87%, 46.16%, 46.46% and 29.81% respectively. A potassium fertilizer input was far from sufficient, and there was more than 60.00% households using insufficient K2O for the whole province. Moreover, the yields of all main crops could be increased when the fertilization rate is at a rational level, especially for P2O5 and K2O. In order for food safety and environmental protection, balance fertilization of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium is indispensible. |
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