| 张萌,赵欢,肖厚军,秦松,芶久兰,王正银.贵州典型黄壤辣椒生长、品质及光合特性对新型肥料的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(6):187~193 |
| 贵州典型黄壤辣椒生长、品质及光合特性对新型肥料的响应 |
| Responses of growth, quality and photosynthetic characteristics of pepper to new-type fertilizers in Guizhou typical yellow soil |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.06.28 |
| 中文关键词: 新型肥料 辣椒 产量 品质 光合特性 黄壤区 |
| 英文关键词:new-type fertilizers pepper yield quality photosynthetic characteristics yellow soil region |
| 基金项目:贵州省科学技术基金项目（黔科合LH字［2014］7706号）；贵州省科技成果转化引导基金计划项目（黔科合成转字［2014］5028号）；贵州省农业科学院院专项(［2015］11号，［2016］025号) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究新型肥料在贵州黄壤区辣椒上的施用效果，本研究通过盆栽试验研究了普通复合肥（FHF）、保水型（BSX）、稳定性（WDX）、包膜型（BMX）缓释肥和长效氮肥（CXDF）五种新型肥料施用对贵州辣椒生长、品质及光合特性的影响，并通过相关分析明确影响辣椒产量的主导因素，以期为适宜的新型肥料品种筛选及其在辣椒种植中的推广应用提供参考依据。结果表明∶与普通复合肥（FHF）相比，施用新型肥料使辣椒株高增加0.72%～3.76%，但对辣椒茎粗影响不大。新型肥料显著提高辣椒分蘖数和产量，分蘖数和单株产量较FHF处理分别增加2.65%～19.75%和12.26%～29.77%，稳定性缓释肥（WDX）产量最高，达到300.35 g·株-1。不同类型新型肥料对辣椒品质影响存在差异，与普通复合肥（FHF）相比，保水型缓释肥（BMX）可使辣椒硝酸盐含量显著降低23.93%、还原糖增加10.65%、Vc增加38.61%，长效氮肥（CXDF）处理的硝酸盐含量显著降低12.64%，稳定性缓释肥（WDX）处理的Vc含量显著增加56.21%，而包膜型缓释肥（BMX）和长效氮肥（CXDF）处理的Vc含量则明显著降低。相关分析结果表明，辣椒株高、分蘖数以及净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均与辣椒产量存在显著或极显著的线性相关，而综合考虑多个影响因子并利用逐步回归分析进行拟合后得到逐步回归分方程为Y=52.316X7－1.714X6＋640.888（X6为胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、X7为蒸腾速率(Tr)，相关系数r为0.924**），说明收获期辣椒叶片的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)与蒸腾速率(Tr)对辣椒产量的影响起到了主导作用。综上所述，新型肥料对贵州典型黄壤上辣椒生长、品质以及光合特性的影响效果是显著的，综合来看以稳定性（WDX）和包膜型（BMX）缓释型的施用效果最优。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of new-type fertilizers on pepper in Guizhou yellow soil, a pot experiment with treatments of new-type fertilizers (including FHF, BSX, WDX, BMX and CXDF) was conducted, and the growth, quality and photosynthetic characteristics of Guizhou pepper were measured. The results showed that the application of new-type fertilizers increased the height by 0.72%～3.76% compared with the FHF treatment, but there were no effect on the stems of the pepper. The new-type fertilizers significantly increased the tiller number and yield, the number of tiller and the yield per plant were increased by 12.26%～29.77% and 2.65%～19.75% compared with FHF, respectively, and the highest yield was WDX treatment of 300.35 g·plant-1. There were differences in pepper quality between the different types of new-type fertilizers, with BSX reducing the content of nitrate by 23.93%, increasing the contents of reducing sugar by 10.65% and the contents of Vc by 38.61% compared with FHF treatment. CXDF treatment significantly reduced the content of nitrate by 12.64%, while WDX treatment significantly increased the content of Vc by 56.21%, but the content of Vc among BMX and CXDF treatment were significantly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the plant height, tiller number, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) were significantly correlated with pepper yield. The stepwise regression equation was Y=52.316X7－1.714X6＋640.888, where X6 was CO2 concentration (Ci), X7 was transpiration rate (Tr), the correlation coefficient was 0.924. This showed that the CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves played a leading role on pepper yield formation. In summary, new-type fertilizers demonstrated strong effect of on the growth, quality and photosynthetic characteristics of pepper in yellow soil, with the stable slow-release fertilizer(WDX) and coated slow-release fertilizer (BMX) showing the greater influence. |
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