| 赵丽,贺玉晓,魏雅丽,刘刚才.干热河谷紫色土区不同复合肥施肥量对玉米苗期光响应特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):10~18 |
| 干热河谷紫色土区不同复合肥施肥量对玉米苗期光响应特性的影响 |
| Light response characteristics of maize seedling under different amount of compound fertilizer in the purple soil at dry-hot valley |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.01.02 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 光合参数 施肥量 直角双曲线模型 非直角双曲线模型 直角双曲线修正模型 |
| 英文关键词:maize photosynthetic parameter fertilization rectangular hyperbola model non-rectangular hyperbola model modified model of rectangular hyperbola |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“气候变化对紫色土容许土壤流失量的影响”(41471232)；西南科技大学博士基金“不同N、P施肥量对紫色土玉米生长期微生物特性及土壤肥力的影响”（14zx7108）；河南理工大学博士基金“干热河谷土壤水分胁迫对扭黄茅生理特性的影响机制”(B2014-070) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用3种模型在不同复合施肥量下对玉米苗期光响应特性的影响进行模拟，比较不同拟合模型的优劣，旨在筛选出不同复合施肥量下最优的光合作用光响应模型，并采用最优的光合作用光响应模型模拟玉米苗期的光合参数，为研究紫色土区玉米种植的氮磷钾营养生理和科学施肥提供科学依据。以长城799玉米为研究材料，在模拟小区定位施肥的基础上，采用LI-6400型便携式光合测定仪测定苗期叶片在不同光强下的光合速率，研究不同施肥量下玉米苗期叶片的光合作用响应特征，采用直角双曲线、非直角双曲线和直角双曲线修正3种不同模型对光响应曲线进行拟合，对比决定系数（R2）、表观量子效率（α）、最大净光合速率（Pnmax）、光饱和点（LSP）、光补偿点（Ic）和暗呼吸速率（Rd）6个参数，比较3种模型的差异。结果显示：(1) 3种模型均能较好地拟合玉米苗期叶片光响应曲线。从决定系数来看，光合参数拟合值与实测值相关度较高（R2＞0.98），拟合效果优劣排序为直角双曲线修正模型＞非直角双曲线模型＞直角双曲线模型。(2) 直角双曲线修正模型对不同复合肥施肥量下玉米叶片的光响应的Pnmax、LSP、Ic和Rd 4个光合参数的估计更准确。(3) 玉米苗期叶片的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率都随施肥量增加而升高，用量过高时则下降。合理地提高施肥量能够提高玉米苗期叶片的叶绿素含量，延长较高的光合持续期。因此，直角双曲线修正模型可以直接得出饱和光强和最大净光合速率，能够较好地拟合不同复合施肥量下玉米苗期叶片的光响应过程及其特征参数，拟合值较符合植物实际的生理情况，更接近实测值，且确定的适宜施肥量为1.12 t·hm-2（N-P2O5-K2O=0.190-0.190-0.190 t·hm-2）和1.49 t·hm-2（N-P2O5-K2O=0.253-0.253-0.253 t·hm-2）。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, three different light response models were used to simulate the effect of different compound fertilizers on the light response characteristics of maize at seedling stage. The optimal model was selected though comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different fitting models. This study could provide a scientific basis for the the research of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium physiology and scientific fertilization of spring maize in the purple soil area by using the optimal model to simulatie the maize photosynthetic parameters. On the basis of plot fertilization test, the photosynthesis of a maize (cultivar, Changcheng799) leaves at the seedling stage was measured by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The photosynthetic response characteristics of maize seedling leaves under different levels of compound fertilizition treatments were studied, and three different light response models, including rectangular hyperbola model, non-rectangular hyperbola model and modified model of rectangular hyperbola were used to selected the optimal model by comparing the fitting degree(R2), apparent quantum efficiency(α), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (Ic) and dark respiration rate(Rd). (1) The three kinds of the models can be well applied to fitting the maize leaf Pn light response of different compound fertilizer treatments, and the determination coefficient of the three different models were all greater than 0.98. The determination coefficients in order are: the rectangular hyperbola modified model＞the non-rectangular hyperbola model＞the rectangular hyperbola model. (2) The four parameters of maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (Ic) and dark respiration rate(Rd) are close to the measured values by the right angle hyperbolic model. (3) The net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of maize on seedlings stage increased with the increasing of fertilizer application rate, but decreased by the extreme rate of fertilizer. Reasonable increase of the amount of fertilizer could increase the chlorophyll content of the maize leaves at seedling stage, and prolong the period of higher photosynthetic capacity. The results from the three models simulation show that the modified rectangular hyperbola model can best fit the light response of photosynthesis and accurately calculate main photosynthetic parameters, such as the maximum net photosynthetic rate and saturation light intensity. Thus, the modified rectangular hyperbola model can be applied to fit the light response curves of photosynthesis of maize under different compound fertilizers in dry-hot valley purple soil of Yuanmou. Therefore, the fertilization amounts ranged from 1.12 t·hm-2（N, 0.190; P2O5, 0.190; K2O, 0.190 t·hm-2） and 1.49 t·hm-2（N, 0.253; P2O5, 0.253; K2O, 0.253 t·hm-2）were the tolerable fertilization amounts. |
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