| 罗敏,邓才富,陈家宙,高跃,高冰可.红壤区夏玉米生长对土壤穿透阻力的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):56~60 |
| 红壤区夏玉米生长对土壤穿透阻力的响应 |
| Effect of red soil penetration resistance on growth of summer maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.01.08 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤穿透阻力 夏玉米 季节性干旱 红壤 |
| 英文关键词:red soil soil penetration resistance summer maize seasonal drought red soil |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41271240)；重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究专项(一般)(cstc2016jcyjA0169) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为寻求有效措施改善土壤穿透阻力，缓解季节性干旱对南方红壤地区农业生产的影响，通过室内3个土壤容重处理（1.1、1.3 g·cm-3和1.5 g·cm-3）模拟初始土壤阻力，及大田4种耕作措施（深耕D、常规耕作C、免耕N和压实P）调控土壤阻力，通过盆栽与大田小区试验研究了红壤穿透阻力对玉米根系、植株生长及产量的影响。结果显示，轻旱至中旱情况下，玉米生长对红壤穿透阻力胁迫响应强烈。根长、表面积及根系体积表现为D1.1＞D1.3＞D1.5，根径则与之相反；地上部指标和产量为D>C>N>P；除根径以外的根系形态指标、地上部生长指标和产量均与土壤穿透阻力呈显著负相关，且深耕的玉米生长情况和产量均显著高于免耕和压实。红壤穿透阻力改变了玉米根系生长状况，限制植株生长从而影响产量形成；红壤阻力每增加1.0 MPa，籽粒产量将减少1 787.1 kg·hm-2。对于红粘土红壤，深耕能够明显降低土壤穿透阻力减轻干旱影响；而免耕的土壤阻力高，既直接胁迫作物生长，亦不利于缓解季节性干旱。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to mitigate the effects of seasonal drought on agricultural production in red soil region of southern China, effective measures were studied to reduce soil penetration resistance (PR). The soil bulk density of 1.1, 1.3 g·cm-3 and 1.5 g·cm-3 simulated antecedent soil resistance in indoor pot, and four tillage measures, including deep tillage, conventional tillage, no-tillage and compaction were set to control soil resistance in field. The influence of red soil penetration resistance to roots morphology index, plant growth and yield were explored by comprehensive research on indoor pot and field experiments. The results showed that, during the mild and moderate droughts, the maize growth was greatly affected by the red soil penetration resistance. The orders were D1.1＞D1.3＞D1.5 of root length, root surface area and root volume, but the root diameter was the opposite. And the orders were D＞C＞N＞P of the ground growth indexes and yield. The root morphology indicators except the root diameter, plant growth indicators and the yield were all negatively related to soil penetration resistance. Maize growth and yield of deep tillage were significantly higher than no-tillage and compaction. The soil PR changed root growth and decreased plant growth and yield. When the red soil PR increased 1.0 MPa, the grain yield reduced 1 787.1 kg·hm-2. As to the red soil in this study, deep tillage reduced its penetration resistance remarkably and thus mitigated the detrimental effects of drought. But no tillage practice resulted in the high soil penetration resistances, thus reducing crop growth directly. |
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