长期咸水灌溉对土壤酶活性及反应动力学的影响

翟红梅; 曹彩云; 刘孟雨

翟红梅,曹彩云,刘孟雨.长期咸水灌溉对土壤酶活性及反应动力学的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):95~101

长期咸水灌溉对土壤酶活性及反应动力学的影响

Impact of irrigation with saline water on soil enzyme activity and soil enzyme kinetics

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.01.15

中文关键词: 咸水灌溉土壤酶活性土壤酶动力学抑制机制

英文关键词:saline water irrigation soil enzyme activities soil enzyme kinetics inhibition mechanism

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA3B-03-08，2011BAD06B02-3)；河北科技计划项目(15222903D)；石家庄学院博士基金项目(21602000201)

作者	单位
翟红梅	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心，中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室，河北省节水农业重点实验室, 河北石家庄 050022 石家庄学院化工学院，河北石家庄 050035
曹彩云	河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所，河北衡水 053000
刘孟雨	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心，中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室，河北省节水农业重点实验室, 河北石家庄 050022

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中文摘要:

为了探讨咸水灌溉导致土壤质量下降的原因，研究了5个含盐量水平（1.25（对照）、2.50、5.00、7.50 dS·m^-1和10.00 dS·m^-1）的咸水长期田间污染对0～20 cm和20～40 cm土壤水解酶活性及酶促反应动力学性质的影响。结果表明：咸水灌溉导致土壤脲酶、β-葡糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈现不同程度的降低，与对照相比，10 dS·m^-1咸水灌溉下0～20 cm土壤层三种酶活性分别下降45.5%、50.8%和24.9%，20～40 cm 土壤层三种酶活性分别下降37.44%、32.1%和21.8%；咸水灌溉改变了土壤酶的催化动力学特性，与对照相比，10 dS·m^-1咸水灌溉下脲酶、β-葡糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶的最大反应速度V_max分别下降47.77%、44.62%和15.01%，K_m分别下降57.12%、保持不变和下降14.64%，β-葡糖苷酶V_max/K_m下降39.63%，脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的V_max/K_m没有显著变化。数据表明咸水灌溉对不同的酶抑制机制不尽相同。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the reason of the decline of soil quality caused by salt water irrigation, the field experiment with five levels of irrigation water salinity (1.25、 2.50、 5.00、 7.50 dS·m^-1 and 10.00 dS·m^-1) was conducted. The impact of saline water on soil enzyme activity and soil enzyme kinetics was studied. The results showed that irrigation with saline water reduced the activities of soil urease, β-glucosidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Compared with the control, they were decreased by 45.5%, 50.8% and 24.9% in 0～20 cm, 37.44%、32.1% and 21.8% in 20～40 cm, respectively, by 10 dS·m^-1 saline water. Irrigation with 10 dS·m^-1 saline water affected kinetic characters of soil enzymes. The maximum reaction rates (V_max) of urease, β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by 47.77%, 44.62% and 15.01%, respectively. The Michaelis constant (K_m) of urease and alkaline phosphatase decreased by 57.12% and 14.64%, while the Km of β-glucosidase did not vary significantly. V_max/K_m of β-glucosidase was decreased by 39.63%. However, V_max/K_m of alkaline phosphatase and urease did not changed significantly.

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