渭北旱塬不同耕作措施对土壤养分分布及作物产量的影响

杨艳; 刘丹; 张霞; 李忠徽; 赵世翔; 李军; 王旭东

杨艳,刘丹,张霞,李忠徽,赵世翔,李军,王旭东.渭北旱塬不同耕作措施对土壤养分分布及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):171~178

渭北旱塬不同耕作措施对土壤养分分布及作物产量的影响

Effects of different tillage practices on nutrient distribution in soil profile and crop yield in Weibei Highland

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.01.26

中文关键词: 耕作措施土壤养分小麦玉米产量黑垆土渭北旱塬

英文关键词:tillage measures soil nutrient wheat maize yield dark loessial soil Weibei Highland

基金项目:农业部行业专项“旱地合理耕层构建技术指标研究”(201503116)

作者	单位
杨艳	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨陵 712100
刘丹	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨陵 712100
张霞	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨陵 712100
李忠徽	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨陵 712100
赵世翔	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨陵 712100
李军	西北农林科技大学农学院陕西杨陵 712100
王旭东	西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨陵 712100 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室西北农林科技大学陕西杨陵 712100

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中文摘要:

基于8年（2007—2015）定位试验，在小麦-玉米轮作下研究了免耕-深松（NS）、深松-翻耕（SC）、翻耕-免耕（CN）和连年免耕（NN）、深松（SS）、翻耕（CC）等轮耕措施对土壤养分分布及作物产量的影响。结果表明：深松处理（连年深松、免耕-深松）使表层（0～10 cm）土壤与底层（10～20、20～35、35～50 cm）土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量差异更大，翻耕或免耕的相对差异较小；在0～50 cm的土层中，硝态氮含量在20～35 cm土层相对较高，且以翻耕（CC）处理的含量最高；铵态氮含量在10～20 cm土层相对较高，以免耕-深松（NS）处理的含量最高；连年深松（SS）处理使土壤全钾表层含量较高。免耕-深松（NS）措施在6种耕作措施中小麦和玉米产量均为最高，显著高于翻耕（CC）、免耕（NN）措施。

英文摘要:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different tillage measures on soil nutrient distribution and crop yield in Weibei Highland. An eight-year(2007—2015) field experiment with six tillage measures under wheat-maize rotation system was conducted. The tillage measures were as follows: no-tillage, subsoiling (NS); subsoiling, conventional tillage (SC); conventional tillage, no-tillage (CN); continuous no-tillage (NN); continuous sbusoiling (SS); conventional tillage (CC). The results showed that SS and NS treatments could promote soil total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) on the surface of soil, which led a significant difference in soil nutrient between the surface soil (0～10 cm) and bottom soil (10～20 cm, 20～35 cm and 35～50 cm). However, CC and NN treatments had no significant effect on soil nutrient movement. For the top 50 cm soil layer, nitric nitrogen (NO₃^--N) content at the depth of 20～35 cm was higher than 10～20 cm and 35～50 cm soil layer, and compared with the SC, CN, NN, SS and NS treatments, CC treatment had the highest NO₃^--N content. However, soil ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) content was higher in the 10～20 cm soil layer and the maximum content of NH₄⁺-N appeared in the NS treatment. In the SS treatment, had the highest total potassium on the surface of soil. The yield of maize and wheat in the NS treatment was the highest and significant higher than CC and NN treatments.

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