| 申丽霞,兰印超,李若帆.不同降解膜覆盖对土壤水热与玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):200~206 |
| 不同降解膜覆盖对土壤水热与玉米生长的影响 |
| Effects of different degradable films on soil moisture, temperature and growth of maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.01.30 |
| 中文关键词: 降解地膜 土壤水分 土壤温度 玉米 生长 产量 |
| 英文关键词:degradable film maize soil temperature soil moisture growth yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31271645)；山西省农业科技攻关项目(20140311007-4) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为进一步研究验证不同降解地膜的田间应用效果，在大田条件下以露地栽培为对照，进行了可降解地膜H（江苏淮安产，降解周期120 d）、可降解地膜T（台湾产，降解周期120 d）和普通地膜覆盖玉米栽培试验，探讨不同地膜覆盖对土壤水分和温度、玉米生长发育、产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明，与露地对照相比，可降解地膜H覆盖能够明显提高玉米生育前中期（播种至大喇叭口期）0～60 cm土壤水分含量，提高播种后63 d内地下10、20 cm土壤温度，具有较好的土壤保墒、增温、保温作用；而可降解地膜T在玉米生育前期（播种至拔节期）作用较好，到玉米生育中期（大喇叭口期）其作用已经减弱。可降解地膜H和T覆盖均使玉米出苗率提高，分别为95.8%、95.3%，露地为93.6%；生育进程加快，生育期分别比露地缩短12 d、8 d；可降解地膜H覆盖能明显促进玉米中后期地上部干物质的积累，株高、茎粗及叶面积增加，穗部性状改善，秃尖缩短，穗粒数和千粒重增加，比露地增产40.7%，而可降解地膜T的覆盖效果（增产14.3%）虽然优于露地对照，但要差于H和普通地膜（增产39.5%）。研究认为，可降解地膜H的覆盖效果与普通地膜相当，而可降解地膜T的覆盖效果次之。在生产中应用可降解地膜，应根据当地环境条件进行选择。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To examine the covering effects of different films, maize was cultivated in the field with conventional plastic film mulching, with degradable films H (made in Jiangshu, with the degradation period of 120 d) or T (made in Taiwan, with the degradation period of 120 d) mulching, and with no film mulching(CK). Soil moisture and temperature, and maize growth, yield, and its relevant characteristics were analyzed in these different treatments. H mulching resulted in higher soil moisture in the 0～60 cm soil layer from sowing to the big trumpet stage of maize, and higher soil temperature in the 10 cm and 20 cm depth at 63 days after sowing, as compared to CK. With T mulching, the effects of increasing soil moisture and temperature were present at the early stage (from sowing to the jointing stage) of maize, but were lost at the middle stage (the big trumpet stage) of maize. Seedling emergence rates increased for H and T mulching over those of CK, and were, respectively, 95.8%, 95.3%, and 93.6%. Maize growth periods were shortened by 12 d and 8 d for H and T mulchingas compared to that of CK. Amount of dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area of maize were all increased for H mulching. With the length of barren ear tip shorted, kernel number and thousand-grain weight increased, maize grain yield was increased by 40.6% for H mulching above CK. For T mulching and the plastic film mulching, maize grain yields were respectively increased by 14.3% and 39.5% over CK. Degradable film H successfully fulfilled all the functions of plastic film, while degradable film T did not do so. Degradable film is thus recommended as a viable option to the plastic film, but it should be carefully selected according to local environmental conditions. |
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