| 尹梅,曾庆凤,张琼,侯俊,张发奎,陈华,陈检锋,王志远,付利波,苏帆.减量分施钾肥对旱地马铃薯产量和钾肥利用率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):1~7 |
| 减量分施钾肥对旱地马铃薯产量和钾肥利用率的影响 |
| Effect of reduced K amount and split application on yield and nutrient utilization of potato on upland |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.02.01 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 钾肥 减量分施 施用时期 产量 钾肥利用 |
| 英文关键词:potato potassium fertilizer reduced K application in different proportion by states yield potassium use efficiency |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目(201503127，201203013) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在云南省会泽县高、低肥力土壤上分别开展旱作马铃薯的钾肥减量分施试验，研究100%、90%、70%钾肥一次性施用,90%和70%钾肥不同比例分次施用对马铃薯产量、经济效益、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力的影响。结果显示：钾肥对马铃薯生长影响较大，施钾处理的产量比无钾处理高17.39%～42.88%，施钾处理的净收益比无钾处理高15.40%～40.92%；同一处理的马铃薯产量、效益、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力等在高肥力土壤上均优于其在低肥力土壤上。无论在高、低肥力土壤上，施用钾肥量相同时，钾肥后期多施的90% K（30%+60%）处理和70% K（20%+50%）处理产量高于钾肥分次施用的90% K（40%+50%）处理和70% K（30%+40%）处理，钾肥分次施用的90% K（40%+50%）处理和70% K（30%+40%）处理产量均高于钾肥一次性施用的90% K处理和70% K处理。高肥力土壤上，100% K处理马铃薯产量为29 544.44 kg·hm-2，是所有处理中最高的，90% K（30%+60%）处理产量为28 770.83 kg·hm-2，与100% K处理没有显著性差异，钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力最高的是70% K（20%+50%）处理，分别为36.84%、58.11 kg·kg-1和222.22 kg·kg-1。低肥力土壤上，钾肥施用时期后移的90% K（30%+60%）处理和70% K（20%+50%）处理产量、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力均高于100%K处理；90% K（30%+60%）处理产量、钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力分别为17 640.28 kg·hm-2、20.24%、31.13 kg·kg-1和108.89 kg·kg-1，70% K（20%+50%）处理分别为17 404.17 kg·hm-2、26.57%、38.15 kg·kg-1和138.13 kg·kg-1，100%K处理分别为17 091.67 kg·hm-2、17.49%、24.97 kg·kg-1和94.95 kg·kg-1。钾肥减量分施效果优于钾肥一次性施用，减量分施钾肥在低肥力土壤上的效果比高肥力土壤上的效果显著。高肥力土壤上推荐施用K2O总量162 kg·hm-2，低肥力土壤上推荐施用K2O总量 126～162 kg·hm-2，两种肥力土壤上施用比例均为苗期30%、现蕾期70%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The field experiments were conducted on low and high fertility farm land in Yunnan Huize, in order to investigate the effects of reduced K amount and split application on yield, net earning, KUE, KAUE and KPEP of upland potato. The results indicated that K application had significant effect on growth of potato. Yield of potato with K application treatment was higher than yield of potato without K application treatment by 17.39%～42.88%. Net earning with K application treatment was higher than that without K application treatment by 15.40%～40.92%. With the same treatment, the yield, net earning, KUE, KAUE and KPEP of potato in high fertility farm land were higher than those in low fertility farm land. Both in high fertility farm land and in low fertility farm land, when the same amount of K fertilizer was used, yield and net earning with 90% K（30%+60%）treatment or 70% K（20%+50%）treatment are higher than those with 90% K（40%+50%）treatment or 70% K（30%+40%）treatment, yield and net earning with 90% K（40%+50%）treatment or 70% K（30%+40%）treatment are higher than those with 90% K treatment or 70% K treatment. In high fertility farm land, yield of potato with 100%K treatment was 29 544.44 kg·hm-2 and it was the highest in all treatments. Yield of potato with 90% K（30%+60%）treatment was 28 770.83 kg·hm-2 and it was not significant difference with that with 100%K treatment. KUE, KAUE and KPEP of potato with 70% K（20%+50%）treatment were higher than those with other treatments and they respectively were 36.84%, 58.11 kg·kg-1 and 222.22 kg·kg-1. In low fertility farm land, yield, KUE, KAUE and KPEP of potato with 90% K（30%+60%） treatment or 70% K（20%+50%）treatment were higher than those with 100%K treatment. Yield, KUE, KAUE and KPEP of potato with 90% K（30%+60%）treatment respectively were 17 640.28 kg·hm-2, 20.24%, 31.13 kg·kg-1 and 108.89 kg·kg-1, those with 70% K（20%+50%）treatment respectively were 17 404.17 kg·hm-2, 26.57%, 38.15 kg·kg-1 and 138.13 kg·kg-1, and those with 100%K treatment respectively were 17 091.67 kg·hm-2, 17.49%, 24.97 kg·kg-1 and 94.95 kg·kg-1. Effects of reduced K amount and split application on yield, net earning, KUE, KAUE and KPEP of upland potato were better than effect of K application for single base fertilizer. Effect of reduced K amount and split application in low fertility farm land was more significant than that in high fertility farm land. Thus we commended that 162 kg·hm-2 K2O in high fertility farm, 126～162 kg·hm-2 K2O in low fertility farm, and K application by 30% in seedling and 70% in squaring stage be adopted for potato production in Yunnan upland. |
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