| 石岩,张金霞,董平国,成自勇,石培泽.干旱缺水区膜下滴灌棉花节水机理及灌溉制度研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):77~85 |
| 干旱缺水区膜下滴灌棉花节水机理及灌溉制度研究 |
| The study on watersaving mechanism and irrigation program with cotton drip irrigation under plastic film in drought and water shortage area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.02.12 |
| 中文关键词: 膜下滴灌 棉花 毛管配置 灌水定额 干旱缺水区 |
| 英文关键词:drip irrigation under film cotton lateral placements irrigation quota drought and water shortage area |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51509039；51369002)；甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1204NKCA086)；甘肃农业大学工学院青年教师科技创新基金 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在石羊河流域进行了一管多行的棉花膜下滴灌节水机理及灌溉制度试验研究。结果表明：G1方案（灌水定额为20、15 m3·667m-2和10 m3·667m-2）和G2方案（灌水定额为20 m3·667m-2）的耗水量变化范围基本一致，变化于247～276 m3·667m-2。膜下滴灌棉花产量随灌水定额增加而增加，G2方案（灌水定额等于20 m3·667m-2）是膜下滴灌棉花的高产灌水定额。灌溉定额在80～90 m3·667m-2以下时，产量随灌溉定额呈直线增长，灌水对棉花产量起决定性作用；在90～115 m3·667m-2时，产量随灌溉定额呈曲线增长，水的增产作用逐渐减缓；大于115～120 m3·667m-2时产量随灌溉定额的增加而减少。灌溉定额一定时毛管配置方式对棉花耗水量影响差异不大。一管三行略高于一管四行，随灌溉定额的增加而增加，耗水模数与灌溉定额呈逆向关系。不同灌溉定额下，日蒸腾水量变化趋势一致，即中期大前后期小。一管三行、一管四行两种灌溉方式均能达到高产水平，毛管间距可扩大到80～100 cm，毛管投入量比现状减少33%～50%，是干旱缺水区膜下滴灌棉花节水高效的田间灌溉方式。现蕾期第一次灌水，吐絮初期最后一次灌水，棉铃期灌水2～4次，全生育期灌水4～6次，灌水定额20 m3·667m-2，灌溉定额80～120 m3·667m-2的灌溉制度，是一管多行的高产灌溉模式。土壤水分下限值保持在适当范围内（开花期之前60%以上，棉铃期45%～60%，吐絮期至收获期50%以下），可满足作物营养生长和生殖生长对土壤水分的需求。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The experimental investigations on watersaving mechanism and irrigation program with cotton drip irrigation under plastic film have been done in the Shiyang River Basin. Results showed that: The water consumption with G1 scheme was close to that with G2 scheme, changed in 247～276 m3·667m-2. The yield of cotton drip irrigation increased with the irrigation quota, and the G2 scheme (the 20 m3·667m-2) was the high yield irrigation quota for cotton under film drip irrigation. When the irrigation amount was below 80～90 m3·667m-2, the yield has a linear increase with the quota, which indicated that water played a crucial role in this stage. When that was 90～115 m3·667m-2, the yield has a curve increase with the quota,which showed that the increasing yield effect of water is gradually slowing down. When that was higher than 115～120 m3·667m-2, the less yield the more irrigation quota.At the same irrigation amount, the effects of tubular billet layout on cotton water consumption had no significant differences. A tube with three lines was slightly higher than a tube with four lines.With the increase of irrigation amount, the water consumption modulus and the irrigation quota were in reverse relationship.Under different irrigation amount, the daily transpiration showed the same trend, that is, big medium-term stage and small in the earlier and later stage. Both a tube with three lines and a tube with four linescould reach to high yield level,which capillary spaces could be extended to 80-100cm, and capillary inputs could be less 33%～50% than the current situation. So, both were water saving and high efficiency irrigation method for cotton at in drought and water shortage area. The irrigation system, which irrigation firstly at the squaring stage, lastly at the beginning of boll opening stage, 2～4 times at the boll stage ( the key water requirementperiod for cotton), 20 m3·667m-2 each time, total 4～6 times and 80～120 m3·667m-2 at the whole growth period, was high yield irrigation mode.The lower value of soil moisture was kept in a suitable range (more than 60% before the flowering stage, 45%～60% at the boll stage, 50% between the boll opening to harveststage), which could meet the needs of crop nutrition and reproductive growth on soil moisture. |
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