| 郭宏伟,徐海量,凌红波,帕尔哈提江·艾合买提.塔里木河下游耕地扩张与天然植被退化的定量关系初探[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):226~233 |
| 塔里木河下游耕地扩张与天然植被退化的定量关系初探 |
| Quantitative relationship between cultivated land expansion and natural vegetation degradation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.02.33 |
| 中文关键词: 塔里木河下游 耕地扩张 天然植被退化 地下水埋深 生态输水 |
| 英文关键词:the lower reaches of Tarim River cultivated land expansion natural vegetation degradation groundwater depth ecological water conveyance |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41471099，31400466)；中国科学院特色研究所主要服务项目2课题2(TSS-2015-014-FW-2-2) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来塔里木河下游水土开发将大片天然植被开垦为耕地，打破了生态系统原有平衡状态，然而关于耕地扩张导致天然植被退化的定量关系至今没有明确结论。本文利用塔里木河下游14次生态输水量和地下水埋深数据，结合遥感影像及社会经济统计资料，分析了地下水埋深对生态输水的响应特点，构建了生态输水量与地下水埋深二者之间的定量关系模型，提出了耕地扩张导致天然植被退化在面积上的转变比值，进而计算了天然植被转变为耕地后的生态经济价值损益量。结果表明：(1) 若1亿m3水用于耕地扩张，将导致河道两侧地下水位平均下降1.01 m，距离河道280～640 m的50.40 km2胡杨由正常生长变为逐渐衰败，距离河道1 760～1 800 m的5.60 km2胡杨由逐渐衰败变为逐渐枯死；(2) 耕地扩张和胡杨林逐渐枯死和衰败的面积比分别为：1∶3.6和1∶32.7；(3) 虽然单位面积产值耕地（136.91×104 元·km-2）高于林、草地（114.20×104 元·km-2），但总产值林、草地（34.70×108 元）高于耕地（11.44×108 元），消耗等量水林、草地（2.85 元·m-3）产出经济价值高于耕地（2.11 元·m-3），从可持续发展来看林、草地的价值高于耕地，生态系统的服务性功能大于生产性功能，耕地无序扩张应被严格限制。本研究为研究区遏制无序开荒提供理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, a large area of natural vegetation has been reclaimed as cultivated land because of the development of water and soil resources in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, and the original balance of the ecological system has been broken. However, the quantitative relationship between the cultivated land expansion and the natural vegetation degradation has not been clear. Based on 14 times ecological water conveyance data, groundwater depth changes after the ecological water conveyances data, remote sensing image data and social economic data, this paper analyzed the response characteristics of groundwater depth to ecological water conveyance and constructed a quantitative relation model between ecological water conveyance volume and groundwater depth. Then, the area proportion of cultivated land expansion and natural vegetation degradation was proposed, and the profit and loss after natural vegetation converted to cultivated land were calculated. The results showed that: (1) after 1×108 m3 ecological water was occupied by cultivated land expansion, groundwater depth on both sides of the river decreased by an average of 1.01 m. P. euphratica forest with a distance of 280～640 m from the river and an area of 50.40 km2 began to decline gradually from normal growth, and P. euphratica forest with a distance of 1 760～1 800 m from the river and an area of 5.60 km2 began to die; (2) the area ratio of cultivated land expansion and P. euphratica declining and decaying were 1∶3.6 and 1∶32.7, respectively; (3) although the output value per unit area of cultivated land (136.91×104 yuan·km-2) was higher than that of woodland and grassland (11.42×104 yuan·km-2), but the total output value of woodland and grassland (3.47×108 yuan) was higher than that of cultivated land (11.44×108 yuan). Consumed equal volume of water, the output value of woodland and grassland (2.85 yuan·m-3) was higher than that of cultivated land (2.11 yuan·m-3). From the viewpoint of sustainable development, the value of woodland and grassland was higher than that of cultivated land, and the ecosystem service function was greater than the productive function. Therefore, the disorder expansion of cultivated land should be strictly limited. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study area to limit the disorderly cultivated land expansion. |
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