蔡智才,毕华兴,许华森,王丹,常译方,刘京健.晋西黄土区苹果花生间作系统小气候效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):234~241 |
晋西黄土区苹果花生间作系统小气候效应 |
The microclimate effect of Malus pumila and Arachis hypogaea intercropping system in the loess plateau of West Shanxi Province |
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DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.02.34 |
中文关键词: 晋西黄土区 苹果花生间作系统 小气候 |
英文关键词:the loess plateau of West Shanxi Province intercropping system microclimate |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“果农间作系统林下太阳辐射时空分布及其对间作作物的影响”(31470638);国家科技支撑计划项目“黄土残塬区水资源节约型农林复合系统调控技术研究与示范”(2015BAD07B0502);科技创新服务能力建设-科研基地建设-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(2011协同创新中心)(市级)(PXM2017_014207_000024) |
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中文摘要: |
苹果花生间作是晋西黄土区主要的农林复合配置模式,但常常因为间作系统结构设计不合理而导致间作系统内作物生长和产量受到影响。为了定量解析果农间作系统对小气候,进而对其间作作物生长发育和产量的影响,本文深入研究果农间作系统的小气候状况,为优化当地果农间作系统结构提供理论支持。以晋西黄土区吉县7年生苹果(Maluspumila)+花生(Arachis hypogaea)间作系统及花生单作系统(对照)为研究对象,首先在果树与作物间布设根障,以消除果树地下部分对作物的影响。在此基础上,对距树行不同距离处作物行的小气候因子(光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度、空气相对湿度和风速)及作物生长进行监测,经数学模拟分析得出:(1) 苹果+花生间作系统的光合有效辐射相对指数为49.39%~88.07%,大气温度相对指数为92.74%~97.32%,空气相对湿度相对指数为112.36%~123.72%,风速相对指数为70.58%~74.22%,且距树行越近小气候效应越显著;(2) 果农间作系统对小气候的影响进而造成对间作系统中花生生长发育及产量的负面影响,间作系统内花生的净光合速率和产量均低于对照的单作花生,且表现为距树行越近下降越多;(3) 各小气候因子对花生生长的影响程度不同,光合有效辐射、大气温度和空气相对湿度对花生净光合速率和产量的贡献率分别为62.48%、20.71%、16.45%和53.48%、16.45%、30.07%。 |
英文摘要: |
Maluspumila and Arachishypogaea intercropping system is a main agroforestry configuration mode in the Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province, but the unreasonable design of the intercropping system often leads to the decrease of the growth and yields of the crops. The purpose of this paper was to quantitatively analyze the microclimate of the fruit-crop intercropping system and the impact of the microclimate on the growth and yields of crops, and to provide theoretical support for the optimization of local fruit-crop intercropping system. A seven-year-old M. pumila and A.hypogaea intercropping system in Ji County were chosen as the research object, and an A.hypogaea monoculture system was chosen as control. The research has been conducted in below procedures: First, setting root barriers between crop and tree to block the extension of the root system. Then, monitoring the microclimate factors (photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) of crop rows which are at different distance from tree rows, and analyzing the impact of those factors on the growth and yields of A.hypogaea. The results from quantitate analysis are below: (1) The relative PAR, air temperature, wind speed and relative humidity of intercropping system were 49.39%~88.07%, 92.74%~97.32%, 112.36%~123.72%, 70.58%~74.22%, respectively. Moreover, the closer crop row was to tree rows, more significant the effect was. (2) The comprehensive effect of the fruit-crop intercropping system on the growth of A.hypogaea was negative. The net photosynthetic rates (Pn) and yields of the fruit-crop intercropping system were lower than A.hypogaea monoculture system, and the closer the crop row was to tree rows, lower the Pn and yield were. (3) Different microclimate factors had different degrees of influence on A.hypogaea. The contribution rates of PAR, air temperature and relative humidity to the Pn and yield of A.hypogaea were 62.48%、20.71%、16.45% and 53.48%、16.45%、30.07%, respectively. |
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