梅雅楠,赵世民,赵铭钦,孔德辉,史龙飞.保水剂用量对豫西旱地土壤养分和烤烟质量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(3):149~155
保水剂用量对豫西旱地土壤养分和烤烟质量的影响
Effects of super absorbent polymers’ dosages on soil nutrient and quality of flue\|cured tobacco in Western Henan arid region
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.03.23
中文关键词:  保水剂施用量  土壤养分  烤烟质量  豫西旱地
英文关键词:super absorbent polymers dosages  soil nutrients  quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf  Western Henan arid region
基金项目:河南省洛阳市烟草公司项目“洛阳‘崤山’牌烟叶风格特色解读与品牌提升工程”(LYKJ2014001)
作者单位
梅雅楠 河南农业大学烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地河南 郑州 450002 
赵世民 河南省洛阳市烟草公司河南 洛阳 471000 
赵铭钦 河南农业大学烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地河南 郑州 450002 
孔德辉 河南省洛阳市烟草公司河南 洛阳 471000 
史龙飞 河南省洛阳市烟草公司河南 洛阳 471000 
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中文摘要:
      为了缓解豫西旱地烟田干旱缺水以及烤烟产质量不稳定等问题,在洛阳烟区设置保水剂不同施用量田间试验处理,T1(CK):当地常规栽培措施(不施保水剂),T2:保水剂15kg·hm-2,T3:保水剂30 kg·hm-2,T4:保水剂45 kg·hm-2,探究保水剂对豫西烟田土壤水分、养分、烤烟生长、化学质量以及经济性状的影响。结果表明:T4和T3较CK可以显著提高烤烟生育期各时期内的土壤含水率、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量和有机质含量;施用保水剂可以提高烤烟的总糖、还原糖、钾、类胡萝卜素类、棕色化产物和新植二烯的含量,降低烟碱、氯、芳香族氨基酸类和类西柏烷类的含量,提高烤烟的糖碱比和钾氯比,协调烟叶中性致香成分,提高烟叶质量;T4和T3的烤烟产量较CK显著增加12.79%和10.25%;T4、T3和T2的烤烟产值较CK显著增加15.07%、15.25%和4.51%。在保水剂施用量30kg·hm-2的条件下,土壤速效养分较好,烤后烟的化学质量和经济效益最佳。
英文摘要:
      In order to improve water shortage of tobacco field and unstable yield and quality of tobacco in the arid land of west Henan Province, four treatments of super absorbent polymers (SAPs) in the field experiments were carried out in Luoyang tobacco growing area. T1 (CK) represented local conventional cultivation measures without SAP, T2 represented 15 kg·hm-2 of SAPs, T3 represented 30 kg·hm-2 of SAPs and T4 represented 45 kg·hm-2 of SAPs. The influence of super absorbent polymers on soil moisture and nutrient, the growth of tobacco, chemical property and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were studied. Results indicated that the T4 and T3 can improve the soil moisture content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content and organic matter content in each stage of the whole tobacco growing period than CK; Application the SAP can significantly increase the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, carotenoid catabolites, the products of browning reaction and neophytadiene of tobacco, decrease the nicotine, chlorine, aromatic amino acid and cembratriendiol catabolites content. The ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine had increased. The neutral aroma components of tobacco was coordinated, which improves the quality of tobacco leaves. The tobacco yield from T4 and T3 treatments had significantly increased by 12.79% and 10.25% compared with CK, respectively. The production value of tobacco from T4, T3 and T2 treatments had significantly increased by 15.07%, 15.25% and 4.51%. Under the condition of 30 kg·hm-2 SAPs, not only available soil nutrients improved, but also the chemical components and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco improved.
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