| 张泽,马革新,海兴岩,马露露,郑琦,张东明,吕新.氮肥和土壤质地对滴灌棉花氮素利用率及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(3):161~167 |
| 氮肥和土壤质地对滴灌棉花氮素利用率及产量的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and soil texture on the nitrogen utilization and yield of drip-irrigated cotton production |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.03.25 |
| 中文关键词: 氮肥 土壤质地 棉花 滴灌 氮素利用率 产量 |
| 英文关键词:nitrogen application soil texture cotton drip-irrigatate nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“滴灌棉田两种不同施肥方式施氮效果研究”(31360301)；棉花高产高效关键技术研究与示范（2014BAD11B02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究氮肥和土壤质地对滴灌棉花氮素利用率及产量的影响，采用大田二因素随机区组试验方法，研究了滴灌条件下不同质地土壤棉花全氮含量以及氮素在各器官中的分布积累特征。结果表明：（1）不同施氮处理对各质地土壤棉花平均全氮含量表现为N2（施氮量340 kg·hm-2＞N1（施氮量240 kg·hm-2）＞N3（施氮量480 kg·hm-2）＞CK（不施氮处理）；（2）同种质地下棉花各器官全氮含量在铃期之前表现为叶＞花蕾＞茎；铃期之后表现为叶＞铃＞茎，不同质地条件下叶、花蕾、花铃、茎中全氮含量均表现为砂土＞壤土＞黏土；（3）相同灌水条件时，N2处理下棉花单株铃数壤土与黏土差异不显著；N1处理下棉花单铃重砂土与壤土、N3处理下壤土与黏土差异不显著，其余处理间均达到极显著水平，并且砂土、壤土、黏土分别以256.00 kg·hm-2、287.34 kg·hm-2、369.25 kg·hm-2的施氮量能够达到最高目标产量。建议在新疆干旱区滴灌砂、壤棉田采用以上研究结果，黏土氮肥投入可酌情降低并无机-有机肥料配施，以达到节肥和高产的统一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this field experiment was to study the effects of soil texture and nitrogen(N) fertilizer on the nitrogen utilization and yield of drip-irrigated cotton. Arandomized complete block design was appliedin the experiment. The results showed following： (1)Regardless of soil texture, the total N content of the cotton orderedas N2 (340 kg·hm-2)>N1 (240 kg·hm-2)>N3(480 kg·hm-2)>CK(unfertilized control). (2)In all soil textures, the total N content in cotton organs ordered asleaves > buds > stems before bolling and ordered as leaves >bolls > stems after bolling.Total N content in leaves, buds and stems of contton on different texture soil ordered as sand>loam>clay.(3)In the N2 treatment, there was no difference in boll number between loam and clay soil when irrigation amounts were the same. There was no significant difference in single boll mass either between sandy and clay soil in the N2 treatment or between loam and clay soil in the N3 treatment. The effects of the other treatments on single boll mass were extremely significant. Cotton yield was greatest when 256.00, 287.34, and 369.25 kg·hm-2 was applied to sand, loam, and clay soil, respectively.We suggest that these N application rates can be used for sand and loam soil. The N application rate to clay soil should be <369.25 kg·hm-2. A combination of inorganic and organic fertilizer is best in clay soil. These fertilizer recommendations will optimize fertilizer use for maximum cotton yield. |
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