| 段海霞,邹恭鲁,杨永鑫,李颖,吕世奇,孙杉,赵长明.两种基因型菊芋幼苗对盐胁迫的生长及生理响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(3):176~183 |
| 两种基因型菊芋幼苗对盐胁迫的生长及生理响应 |
| Growth and physiological responses of two genotypes jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) seedlings under salt stress |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.03.27 |
| 中文关键词: 菊芋 基因型 盐胁迫 生长发育 生理响应 |
| 英文关键词:jerusalem artichoke genotype salt stress growth and development physiological responses |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划（2015BAD15B03）；兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（lzujbky2015k14） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用盆栽方法研究不同浓度（2‰, 4‰, 6‰）中性复合盐对具有不同遗传背景的两种基因型菊芋幼苗（LZJ028有性繁殖能力强且营养品质高;LZJ017块茎产量高）生长和光合等生理特性的影响，探究不同遗传背景菊芋幼苗对盐胁迫的响应差异。结果表明：（1）当盐浓度为4‰和6‰时，两种基因型菊芋幼苗的株高、叶面积、冠幅和地上部分干物质和鲜物质积累（与对照相比）均下降，LZJ028基径、叶面积和地上部分干、鲜物质积累下降幅度（4.24%和6.26%, 14.82%和29.67%, 8.51%和19.68%, 7.62%和22.38%）均显著低于LZJ017的降幅（9.78%和29.75%, 58.33%和63.18%, 15.77%和26.88%, 40.62%和61.82%）。（2）随着盐浓度升高，两种基因型菊芋幼苗叶片的SOD活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均显著升高（如盐浓度为6‰时LZJ017和LZJ028的SOD活性比对照组升高了0.41倍和1.87倍；脯氨酸升高了8.26倍和42.92倍；可溶性糖含量升高了0.39倍和1.18倍），LZJ028的各指标升高幅度均较大。（3）盐浓度升高，两种基因型菊芋幼苗叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶绿素含量均降低，LZJ028净光合速率和气孔导度下降幅度均低于LZJ017；盐浓度升高，两种菊芋幼苗PSⅡ潜在活性和最大光化学效率也均下降，而初始荧光升高，如盐浓度为6‰时与对照相比LZJ028最大光化学效率和初始荧光变化幅度（10.53%和4.81%）低于LZJ017的变化幅度（43.04%和52.73%）。研究表明，盐胁迫主要抑制两种基因型菊芋叶片PSⅡ活性和碳水代谢速率进而抑制其生长，二者均通过提高保护酶SOD活性、增加渗透调节物质等策略缓解盐胁迫造成的伤害；LZJ028较耐盐，LZJ017对盐较敏感。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to identify the differences between two genotypes jerusalem artichoke seedlings under salt stress, effects of different concentrations of neutral salt (2‰, 4‰, 6‰) on physiological characteristics of growth and photosynthetic of two genotypes jerusalem artichoke seedlings (LZJ028 was characterized by strong sexual reproduction and high nutritional quality, LZJ017 was more productive) were investigated by pot cultivating experiment. The results showed that: (1) When the soil salt concentration was more than 2‰, plant height, leaf area, canopy, stem weight and leaf weight of both jerusalem artichoke seedlings decreased, plant height, leaf area and above-ground biomass of LZJ028 (the degree of decreased were 4.24%, 6.26%, 14.82%, 29.67%, 8.51%, 19.68%, 7.62% and 22.38%) decreased lesser than LZJ017 (the degree of decreased were 9.78%, 29.75%, 58.33%, 63.18%, 15.77%, 26.88%, 40.62% and 61.82%). (2) With the increasement of soil salt concentration, SOD activity, the content of free proline and soluble sugar of jerusalem artichoke seedlings leaves were significantly elevated (for example, SOD activity of LZJ017 and LZJ028 was 0.41 and 1.87 times higher than that of the control group when the salt concentration was 6‰), proline increased by 8.26 times and 42.92 times, the soluble sugar content increased by 0.39 times and 1.18 times, LZJ028’s increasing ranges of them were more than LZJ017. (3) With the increasement of soil salt concentration, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll content of both jerusalem artichoke seedlings were reduced, while LZJ028 had a much smaller drop in Pn and Gs than LZJ017. Furthermore, potential activity (Fv/Fo), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PSⅡ decreased, but initial fluorescence (Fo) increased, the varied range of Fo and Fv/Fm on LZJ028 (10.53% and 4.81%) were smaller than LZJ017 (43.04% and 52.73%) when the salt concentration was 6‰. These results showed that salt stress main inhibited the plant’s growth through destroying the PSⅡactivity and carbohydrate metabolic rate of jerusalem artichoke, on the other hand, jerusalem artichoke would carry out improving activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), increasing osmotic regulation substances and other strategies to alleviate stress. And more importantly, LZJ028 was more salt tolerance than LZJ017. |
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