| 夏海雪,陈雪娇,张旭东,赵冀,杨琳,张鹏,韩清芳.六盘山区旱作春玉米养分投入与肥料生产效率[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):40~45 |
| 六盘山区旱作春玉米养分投入与肥料生产效率 |
| Nutrient input and fertilizer production efficiency analysis for dry-cultivation spring maize in dryland of Liupanshan area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.04.06 |
| 中文关键词: 春玉米 养分投入 肥料效率 旱地 |
| 英文关键词:spring maize nutrient input efficiency of fertilizer dryland |
| 基金项目:公益性行业科研专项（201303104）;国家863课题（2013AA102902）及“十二五”国家科技支撑计划（2012BAD09B03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确半干旱地区玉米生产养分投入状况及肥料生产效率，提高旱地农业资源效率，连续三年对宁夏六盘山区不同类型旱地玉米施肥及生产状况进行调查。调查结果显示：六盘山区玉米生产中的氮肥（纯N）、磷肥（P2O5)和钾肥（K2O)的平均投入量分别为323.7、210.1 kg·hm-2和28.6 kg·hm-2，氮、磷、钾比例为1∶0.64∶0.08，磷的比例偏高，而钾肥比例偏低；氮、磷肥施肥量明显偏高，分别集中在高于330 kg·hm-2和高于165 kg·hm-2水平的农户比例高达48.5%和70.1%，造成了浪费和环境污染，钾肥用量偏低，集中处于低于42 kg·hm-2水平，样本比例高达69.3%；施肥基追比大致为6∶4，追肥主要为尿素，平均用量为121.9 kg·hm-2，适宜玉米生长，但施追肥量处于两个极端，大多数追肥量或者很高或者很低；调研区玉米三年平均产量为9 864 kg·hm-2，由于降雨不足与施肥不合理，玉米产量呈逐年递减趋势；氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的三年平均偏生产力分别为30.7、47.8 kg·kg-1和391.3 kg·kg-1，氮肥和磷肥的偏生产力偏低。该区域玉米生产有机肥投入以牛羊粪便为主，投入量偏低。综上所述，调研区施肥方面存在投入量和比例不合理问题，需进行科学指导与调整。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the nutrient input and efficiency of fertilizer use of maize production in semi-arid region. A three-year consecutive investigation and analysis was carried out in Liupanshan area. The result showed that: (1) Average input of pure N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizer in maize production were 323.7 kg·hm-2, 210.1 kg·hm-2 and 28.6 kg·hm-2 respectively; The ratio of pure N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizer was 1:0.64:0.08, The the proportion of Pfertilizer was higher, and K fetilizer was lower; (2) Dosage of N and P fertilizer were higher, and the percentage of farmers who applied fertilizer higher than 330 kg·hm-2 and 165 kg·hm-2 of N and P fertilizer were 48.5% and 70.1% respectively, which was a waste and would cause environment pollution; Use of KFertilizer was lower, the percentage of K fertilizer application was lower than 42 kg·hm-2 was as high as 69.3%. The topdressing fertilizer was mainly urea, and its average dosage was 121.9 kg·hm-2, the ratio of basal and topdressing fertilizer was approximately 6∶4, which suited maize growth. But the individual topdressing dosage had two extreme, in most cases it was very high or very low. (3) The average yield of maize in research area in three years was 9 864 kg·hm-2. Due to the poor rainfall and irrational fertilizer application from 2013 to 2015, the maize yield declined year by year;(4) The PFP(Partial fertilizer productivity ) of pure N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizer was 30.7 kg·kg-1, 47.8 kg·kg-1 and 391.3 kg·kg-1 respectively in the three years, the PFP of pure N, P2O5 were lower. The input of organic fertilizer in the research area was mainly cow and sheep dung, and it’s low. In conclusion, in Liupanshan area, the input dosage and proportion of fertilizer were irrational, which need a scientific guidance and adjustment. |
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