滴施不同水溶肥对玉米产量形成的影响

梁飞; 王国栋; 王克全; 尤琦英; 郭斌; 张磊; 曾胜和

梁飞,王国栋,王克全,尤琦英,郭斌,张磊,曾胜和.滴施不同水溶肥对玉米产量形成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):53~59

滴施不同水溶肥对玉米产量形成的影响

Effect of the different water soluble fertilizer dripping application on yield formation of maize

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.04.08

中文关键词: 水溶肥玉米滴灌施肥配方肥产量

英文关键词:water soluble fertilizer maize fertigation formula fertilizer yield

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（31460550）；兵团科技攻关与成果转化计划项目（2016AC008）；国家科技支撑计划课题(2O12BAD42B01)；“863”计划项目（2011AA100508）

作者	单位
梁飞	长安大学环境科学与工程学院，陕西西安 710064；新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所, 新疆石河子 832000；长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室，陕西西安 710064
王国栋	新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所, 新疆石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站,新疆石河子 832000
王克全	新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所, 新疆石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站,新疆石河子 832000
尤琦英	长安大学环境科学与工程学院，陕西西安 710064
郭斌	新疆农垦科学院作物研究所,新疆石河子 832000 农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站,新疆石河子 832000
张磊	新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所, 新疆石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站,新疆石河子 832000
曾胜和	新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所, 新疆石河子 832000；农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站,新疆石河子 832000

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中文摘要:

为了探索不同类型水溶肥对滴灌玉米生产的影响，验证专利配方施肥及施用方法对玉米生产的效果。研究了专利配方施肥（X7）、磷酸脲（X1）、氨基酸粉（X2）、腐植酸钾（X3）、水溶性纳米有机肥（X4）、含氨基酸水溶肥（X5）、含氨基酸水溶肥半量（X6）和不施肥（X8，CK）8个处理6种新型水溶肥料对玉米生产状况及产量的影响。结果表明：（1）滴施氨基酸粉和腐植酸钾能够提早玉米发芽，两处理一周的出苗率均超过50%；氨基酸粉、腐植酸钾和磷酸脲能够促进滴灌玉米发芽率，发芽率均超过90%。（2）专利配方施肥叶面积指数LAI最高，显著高于其他处理。（3）专利配方施肥在一定程度上促进玉米生长，整株生物量为：拔节期，X7＞X5＞X6＞X3＞X4＞X1＞X2＞X8；开花期，X7＞X6＞X5＞X4＞X2＞X1＞X3＞X8；成熟期，X2＞X6＞X7＞X4＞X3＞X5＞X1＞X8。（4）含氨基酸水溶肥的干物质转移量和干物质转移效率对籽粒贡献率最高，显著高于专利配方施肥处理，干物质转移对籽粒贡献率可达43.36%。（5）含氨基酸水溶肥和专利配方施肥有利于玉米产量增加，较不施肥处理分别增产44.5%和46.5%。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the impact of different water soluble fertilizers on yield of maize and verify the effects of patented formula fertilizers and its application methods on maize under drip irrigation, the 6 kinds of new type of water soluble fertilizers, which are formulated by urea phosphate(X1), amino acid(X2), Humic acid potassium(X3), water-soluble nano-organic fertilizer(X4), amino acid water soluble fertilizer(X5), half the amount of acid soluble fertilizer containing(X6), patented fertilization(X7) and no fertilizer(X8) were used in the study. The results showed that amino acid, potassium humate can promote maize germination,and the emergence rate of both treatments exceeds 50% in the first week. urea phosphate, amino acid, potassium humate can promote the germination rate of maize under drip irrigation and the germination rate exceeds 90%. Patented formula fertilization has the highest leaf area index LAI, which is significantly higher than other treatments. also patented formula fertilization can promote the growth of maize.The whole plant biomass is: jointing stage X7>X5>X6>X3>X4>X1>X2>X8, flowering period X7>X6>X5>X4>X2>X1>X3>X8, mature X2>X8>X6>X7>X4>X3>X5>X1. The dry matter transfer amount and transfer efficiency of amino acid soluble fertilizer had the highest contribution rate to grain, which was significantly higher than that of the patented formula fertilization, and the contribution rate of dry matter transfer to the grain reached 43.36%. Amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and patented formula fertilization were favorable to the increase of maize yield, which increased by 44.5% and 46.5% respectively compared with the non-fertilizer treatment.

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