| 申胜龙,李援农,银敏华,张敏,方恒.秸秆量对垄沟二元覆盖夏玉米农田耗水及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):60~66 |
| 秸秆量对垄沟二元覆盖夏玉米农田耗水及产量的影响 |
| Effects of straw mulching rates on water consumption and yield of summer maize under dual-mulching of ridge and furrow |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.04.09 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆量 垄沟二元覆盖 产量 土壤水分 夏玉米 |
| 英文关键词:straw rate yield soil moisture summer maize |
| 基金项目:公益性行业科研专项（201503105）；国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）（2011AA100504） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2015—2016年通过两年夏玉米大田试验，设置4个秸秆覆盖量水平2 500、5 000、7 500、10 000 kg·hm-2（分别记为M1、M2、M3、M4），以不覆盖秸秆为对照（CK），探索了垄沟二元覆盖下不同秸秆量对土壤水分及夏玉米生育期耗水量、干物质累积量、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，4个处理均增大了玉米生育期耗水量，2a中各处理夏玉米成熟期平均土壤贮水量较对照分别减少1.93、5.23、9.47 mm和11.54 mm，生育期耗水量分别增大0.51、3.37、8.78 mm和11.01 mm，其中，M2处理的土壤贮水量及生育期耗水量在2016年与对照差异显著（P<0.05），M3、M4与对照2 a均差异显著（P<0.05）；干物质量在苗期覆盖处理小于对照，中后期显著大于对照，2 a平均增加4.67%、16.58%（P<0.05）、21.99%（P<0.05）和23.36%（P<0.05）；M3处理2 a平均产量及水分利用效率表现较优，分别较CK增加18.80%（P<0.05）、14.80%（P<0.05），较M1增加14.13%（P<0.05）、10.92%（P<0.05），较M2增加8.14%（2016年，P<0.05）、5.11%（2016年，P<0.05），虽然较M4处理2 a平均减少1.77%、0.26%，但均差异不显著。综合而言，在干旱半干旱地区垄膜沟播条件下，7 500 kg·hm-2为合理的秸秆覆盖量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to clarify the effect of straw mulching rates on soil moisture, summer maize water consumption, upper dry matter, yield and water use efficiency, a two-year field experiment with the method of ridge covered by film and furrow covered by straw was carried out from June to October in 2015 and 2016. Straw mulching application rates of 0(CK), 2 500(M1), 5 000(M2), 7 500(M3) kg·hm-2 and 10 000(M4) kg·hm-2 were used in field plots. The results showed that soil moisture decreased and water consumption increased under all of the straw mulching treatments compared with that under CK. The average soil moisture in two years under the four different rates of straw mulching were1.93, 5.23, 9.47 mm and 11.54 mm lower than that of CK, at the same time, water consumption were 0.51, 3.37, 8.78 mm and 11.01 mm higher than that of CK, especially M3, M4 in two years and M2 in 2016 were significant (P<0.05) than CK. Upper dry matter with mulching was lower than CK at seedling period, while higher for other periods. The average upper dry matter in two years were 4.67%、16.58%、21.99% and 23.36% higher than that of CK, especially M2, M3 and M4 were significant than CK. The yield and water use efficiency of M3 were better when the effective use of straw was taken into consideration. When compared with CK, M1 and M2, the average yield under the treatment of M3 increased by 18.80%, 14.13% and 8.14%, average water use efficiency was increased by 14.80%, 10.92% and 5.11%, respectively. Although the average yield of M4 was increased by 1.77% and water use efficiency increased by 0.26% than M3, the results of the analysis showed that M3 and M4 did not have significant difference in two years, which mean that the rate more than 7 500 kg·hm-2 had no significant effect on increasing the efficiency of straw. Overall, it could be concluded that the treatment with 7 500 kg·hm-2 of straw mulching under dual-mulching of ridge and furrow was preferable in arid and semi arid areas and also helpful to improve the efficiency of straw utilization. |
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