陈娇,黄召存,熊瑛,王龙昌,马淑敏,邢毅,张小短.西南紫色土丘陵区不同耕作方式对土壤水热条件、有机碳含量及蚕豆产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):67~73
西南紫色土丘陵区不同耕作方式对土壤水热条件、有机碳含量及蚕豆产量的影响
Effects of different tillage modes on soil hydrothermal condition, organic carbon content and broad bean yield in purple soil hilly region of Southwest China
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.04.10
中文关键词:  耕作方式  垄作  秸秆覆盖  水热条件  土壤有机碳  蚕豆  产量
英文关键词:tillage modes  ridge tillage  straw mulching  hydrothermal condition  soil organic carbon  yield of broad bean
基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503127）；国家自然科学基金项目（31271673）
作者单位
陈娇 西南大学农学与生物科技学院，南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心，三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716 
黄召存 西南大学农学与生物科技学院，南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心，三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716 
熊瑛 西南大学农学与生物科技学院，南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心，三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716；河南科技大学农学院，河南 洛阳 471003 
王龙昌 西南大学农学与生物科技学院，南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心，三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716 
马淑敏 西南大学农学与生物科技学院，南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心，三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716 
邢毅 西南大学农学与生物科技学院，南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心，三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716 
张小短 西南大学农学与生物科技学院，南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心，三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，重庆 400716 
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中文摘要:
      在重庆北碚西南大学试验农场开展大田试验，设置传统耕作(T)、垄作(R)、传统耕作+半量秸秆覆盖(TS1)、垄作+半量秸秆覆盖(RS1)、传统耕作+全量秸秆覆盖(TS2)、垄作+全量秸秆覆盖(RS2)6个不同处理，研究不同耕作方式对蚕豆土壤水热条件、有机碳含量和蚕豆产量的影响及其相关关系。结果表明：秸秆覆盖下的土壤温度在低温时显著高于平作，在高温时则显著低于平作，而垄作的土壤温度与平作间没有明显的差异；在苗期、分枝期、开花期和成熟期，RS2处理土壤水分均显著高于R处理；在分枝期、开花期和成熟期TS2处理土壤水分均显著高于T处理；垄作和秸秆覆盖能提高土壤的有机碳含量，不同处理间的有机碳含量表现出RS2>TS2> RS1>TS1>R>T的趋势；垄作和秸秆覆盖能提高蚕豆的产量，与对照T相比，R、TS1、RS1、TS2、RS2处理的蚕豆产量分别增产3.55%、9.20%、9.88%、10.78%、12.54%；蚕豆产量与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关。
英文摘要:
      The field trial was conducted in the experimental farm in Southwest University in Beibei, Chongqing, China, with six treatments including T (Traditional tillage), R (Ridge tillage), TS1 (Traditional tillage + half amount of straw mulching), RS1 (Ridge tillage + half amount of straw mulching), TS2 (Traditional tillage + whole amount of straw mulching), and RS2 (Ridge tillage + whole amount of straw mulching), so as to investigate the effects of different tillage modes on soil hydrothermal condition, organic carbon content and yield of broad bean and the correlations between them. The main conclusions were as follows: (1)Soil temperature under straw mulching wass significantly higher than traditional tillage in cold days, while significantly lower than traditional tillage in hot days. However, there was no remarkable difference between ridge tillage and traditional tillage. During seedling stage, branch stage, blooming stage and mature stage, soil water content under RS2 treatment was significantly higher than under R treatment; and soil water content with TS2 treatmentwas significantly higher than with T treatment during branch stage, blooming stage and mature stage. (2)Ridge tillage and straw mulching could increase the content of soil organic carbon, and the content ranked as RS2>TS2>RS1>TS1>R>T. (3)Ridge tillage and straw mulching could increase the yield of broad bean. Comparing with T, the treatments of R, TS1, RS1, TS2 and RS2 increased the yield by 3.55%, 9.20%, 9.88%, 10.78% and 12.54%, respectively. (4) Soil organic carbon and broad bean yield were significantly positively correlated with each other.
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