| 赵刚,王淑英,樊廷录,党翼,王磊,张建军,李尚中,程万莉.西北旱塬区不同株型玉米增密对产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):101~108 |
| 西北旱塬区不同株型玉米增密对产量的影响 |
| Effects of planting density of different plant type maize on yield in northwest dry highland of loess plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.04.15 |
| 中文关键词: 西北旱塬 玉米 株型 密度 产量 干物质 灌浆速率 |
| 英文关键词:northwest dry highland of Loess Plateau maize plant type planting density yield dry matter filling rate |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0300110）;“十二五”国家科技支撑计划（2015BAD22B02-02）;国家玉米产业技术体系（CARS-02-66）;农业部公益性（农业）行业专项（201503124） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探明增密对西北黄土旱塬区玉米产量的影响，于2011-2014年在农业部西北旱作区作物营养与施肥科学观测实验站进行田间试验，选取不同株型（紧凑型、平展型）玉米品种5个，每个品种设4个密度梯度，分析了不同株型玉米产量、干物质、根冠比、灌浆速率等指标。结果表明：不同株型玉米品种，随着密度增加田间耗水量差异不显著；紧凑型玉米品种产量大于平展型，在同等栽培条件下，平展型最佳播种密度为7.07万株·hm-2，紧凑型较之增加0.91万株·hm-2，产量增加2 085.9 kg·hm-2；密度增加单株干物质和根冠比均呈减小趋势，两种株型玉米品种规律一致，在灌浆和成熟期，紧凑型玉米品种7.5、9.0万株·hm-2根冠比基本一致，平展型玉米品种密度为6.0万株·hm-2干物质量最高（32 310 kg·hm-2），紧凑型在7.5万株·hm-2时为29 226 kg·hm-2，干物质积累量平展型大于紧凑型；灌浆速率参数平展型较紧凑型玉米品种最大灌浆速率高0.18 g·d-1，平均灌浆速率高0.03 g·d-1，灌浆持续期相差不大；低密度较高密度灌浆速率快0.01 g·d-1，但灌浆持续期延长5~15 d。西北旱塬区选择紧凑型较平展型玉米品种播种密度增加9 000株·hm-2，有利于优化群体结构，增加玉米产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to clarify the effect of densification on yield in Northwest dry highland of Loess Plateau, a study was carried out in 2011-2014 at Ministry of Agriculture Northwest Dryland Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Experiment Station Scientific Observations, using five maize cultivars and conducting four density treatments. The results showed that the field water consumption of different plant types was basically similar. Compact varieties yielded more than flat-type, and the optimum planting density for flat-type was 70 700 plants·hm-2, the density for the compact type was increased by 9 100 plants·hm-2, and the yield increased by 2 085.9 kg·hm-2. With the increase in the density of the two plant-type varieties, dry matter of individual plant and root-shoot ratio showed a decreasing trend, at the filling and maturity stage, the density of 75 000 and 90 000 plants·hm-2 of compact maize had same root to shoot ratio. and the highest dry matter of flat-type maize varieties with 60 000 plants·hm-2 was 32 310 kg·hm-2, and that of the compact type with 75 000 plants·hm-2 was 29 226 kg·hm-2. The dry matter accumulation amount of flat-type is more than that of the compact type; the filling rate parameter of flat type is 0.18 g·d-1 higher than that of the compact type, and the average filling rate is 0.03 g·d-1 higher, the duration of grain filling is not much different. the density has little effect on grain filling rate, and the rate of the low-density was fast 0.01 g·d-1 than that of high density, but the grain filling duration was delayed by 5~15 d. So selecting compact maize or relatively flat varieties for Northwest dry highland of Loess Plateau, and the sowing density increased by 9 000 plants·hm-2, which was beneficial to optimizing the structure of population and increasing the yield of maize. |
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