| 扁青永,王振华,胡家帅,何新林,李朝阳.水肥供应对南疆沙区滴灌红枣生理、生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):165~171 |
| 水肥供应对南疆沙区滴灌红枣生理、生长及产量的影响 |
| Effects of water and fertilizer supply on physiology, growth and yield of drip-irrigation jujube in the southern Xinjiang sandy area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.04.24 |
| 中文关键词: 水肥供应 南疆沙区 滴灌 红枣 生理 生长 产量 |
| 英文关键词:water and fertilizer supply southern Xinjiang sandy area drip-irrigation jujube physiology growth yield |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC14B01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了了解南疆沙区水肥供应对滴灌红枣生理、生长指标与产量的影响，以当地8 a成龄骏枣树为供试材料，结合大田试验，在滴灌条件下进行水肥二因素三水平完全处理小区试验。结果表明：灌水因素对红枣叶片光合特性（净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、细胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）、水分利用效率（WUE））、红枣梢径和梢长增加量及灌溉水分利用效率（iWUE）达到显著（P<0.05）或极显著水平（P<0.01），水肥交互作用对红枣光合特性、梢径和梢长增加量、产量及灌溉水分利用效率（iWUE）达到显著（P<0.05）或极显著水平（P<0.01），施肥对红枣以上指标未达到显著性水平（P>0.05）；过高或过低的灌水量均不利于红枣光合作用、生长发育及增产效果，较低的施肥量可以促进红枣生理生长、达到红枣增产的目的；W2F1处理下红枣叶片Pn（8.94 μmol·m-2·s-1）、Tr（3.86 mmol·m-2·s-1）、Gs（0.49 μmol·m-2·s-1）和Ci（707.41 μmol·m-2·s-1）值最大,比最小值分别提高23.00%、22.54%、58.06%和58.08%；W3F3处理下WUE值（2.56 μmol·mmol-1）最大；梢径增加量和梢长增加量最大值分别在W2F2处理（6.31 mm）、W3F2处理（64 cm），比最小值分别提高51.32%、33.33%；W2F1处理下产量（7 256 kg·hm-2）最大,比最小值处理增产55.67%，增产效应（33.14%）最大；iWUE最大值在W1F3处理（8.17 kg·m-3）,与W2F1处理无显著性差异(P>0.05)。红枣净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度之间密切相关，红枣产量与红枣梢径增加量有较好的相关关系，梢径增加量在一定程度上能反应红枣产量。灌水量820 mm、施肥量N-P2O5-K2O：200-100-150 kg·hm-2（W2F1处理）为南疆沙区节水、节肥的最佳水肥供应模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of supplying water and fertilizer on yield, physiology and growth of drip-irrigation jujube in the southern Xinjiang sandy area, “Jun-jujube of the 8 years” was used for field experiment. A three-level-complete-treatment plot experiment of two factors of water and nitrogen under drip irrigation was conducted. Results showed that irrigation had significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) effect on jujube leaves’ photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), water use efficiency (WUE), shoots diameter, length increment of jujube and irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE). Water and fertilizer interaction had significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) effect on photosynthetic characteristics, shoots diameter and length increment, yield and irrigation application use efficiency (iWUE). Fertilization had no significant effect on the above indices (P>0.05). Too high or too low irrigation level were unfavorable to photosynthesis,growth and yield increase of jujube. Low fertilizer level could promote jujube’s physiology and growth and increase jujube yield. Pn(8.94 μmol·m-2·s-1), Tr(3.86 mmol·m-2·s-1), Gs(0.49 μmol·m-2·s-1), Ci(707.41 μmol·m-2·s-1) with W2F1 treatment were at the maximum value, which increased by 23.00%,22.54%,58.06% and 58.08%,respectively, compared with the minimum value in all treatments; WUE value (2.56 μmol·mmol-1) was the highest under W3F3 treatment;The maximum increment in shoots diameter and tip length was in W2F2 treatment (6.31 mm) and W3F2 treatment (64 cm), respectively, with an increase of 51.32% and 33.33% compared with minimum treatment. A yield of 7 256 kg·hm-2 under W2F1 treatment, which was 55.67% higher than the minimum yield of all treatments. had the highest yield-increasing effect (33.14%). Irrigation application use efficiency (iWUE) under W1F3 treatment was at the maximum value, but showed no significant difference compared with W2F1 (P>0.05). Pn was closely related to transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. The correlation between yield and diameter increment of jujube was good. Diameter increment correlated with the jujube yield to some extent. According to the results, the preliminary conclusion could be reached that irrigation of 820 mm and fertilizer of N-P2O5-K2O:200-100-150 kg·hm-2(W2F1 treatment) was the best water-fertilizer supply model saving water and fertilizer in the southern Xinjiang sandy area. |
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