| 李健伟,吴鹏昊,石洪亮,李春艳,崔建平,张巨松.不同机采棉种植模式对棉花主要植株形态影响效应分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(5):82~87 |
| 不同机采棉种植模式对棉花主要植株形态影响效应分析 |
| Characteristics of plant morphological parameters and correlation analysis for machine picking cotton in the different planting models |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.05.13 |
| 中文关键词: 机采棉 株行距配置 农艺性状 |
| 英文关键词:machine picking cotton agronomic traits plant and row spacing |
| 基金项目:棉花高产高效关键技术研究与示范（2014BAD11B02）；机采品种关键配套技术集成（2017YFD0101605）;机采棉机艺融合关键配套技术及产品研发（2016B01001-2） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 机采棉农艺与机艺高度配套是解决机采棉品质下降和降低植棉成本问题的关键。为了比较不同机采棉种植模式对棉花主要植株形态的影响效应，本研究以新陆中54号和新陆中75号为试验材料，采用目前大田条件下3种常用的机采棉种植模式，分别在花铃期、吐絮期对9个主要植株形态特征指标进行测定，研究机采棉种植模式植株形态指标间的相关性以及对其形态特征的影响。结果表明：不同机采棉种植模式对7个植株形态特征指标影响显著。相同机采棉种植模式下不同品种间始果节高度、始果节位和果枝长度等农艺性状差异显著。通过多重比较发现一膜四行较一膜六行机采棉种植模式棉花生育进程提前4~6 d，霜前花率提高2%~4%，单株结铃多1~2个。相关性分析结果表明机采种植模式下株高与始果节高度、果枝台数、叶形指数显著相关，相关系数分别为0.834、0.730、0.560，茎粗与单株结铃数呈显著正相关性，相关系数为0.735。因此，增加植株高度可使植株形态更符合机采要求，增加茎粗可使单株结铃数增加并且可减少倒伏，降低机采损失。植株过矮和过密已经无法适应机采棉种植要求，需打破传统的棉花“矮”“密”“早”高产栽培思维模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| It is vital to increase quality of cotton picking and reduce the cost of cotton planting. Three machine cotton modes in the current field conditions were explored to assess their effects on plant morphology of cotton varieties Xinluzhong No. 54 and Xinluzhong No. 75. The morphological characteristics of nine main cotton varieties were measured respectively in the boll setting stages and in the boll opening stage to evaluate effects of mechanical sampling pattern on the morphological characteristics of cotton varieties and their morphological indexes. The results showed that different planting patterns had a significant effect on the main seven morphological characteristics of cotton varieties. Agronomic traits, such as first fruit node height, first fruit node and fruit length among different varieties varied significantly.The reproductive process in the four-line model was 4 to 6 days earlier, the pre-frost rate increased by 2% to 4%, and the number of the Boll per plant improved 1 to 2 by multiple comparison. It would be more suitable for the machine piking as the average spacing increased and the density decreased. In addition, Xinluzhong No. 75 was more suitable for machine piking. The correlation analysis showed that the cotton height was significantly correlated to fruit height, fruit number and leaf index.The correlated coefficients were 0.834, 0.730 and 0.560 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between stem diameter and boll number and the correlation coefficient was 0.735. It would be benefit to Nanjiang machine picking cotton by increasing height to meet machine picking requirements,thickening stem to improve boll numbers per plant, decreasing lodging and machine picking loss. It was difficult for the short and high density plants to adapt to the machine picking. The traditional “low-dense-early” cultivation pattern was out of date. |
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