武鹏,杨克军,王玉凤,张翼飞,张文超,吴琼,陈天宇,张鹏飞,庞晨,王怀鹏,尹雪巍,杨丽.缓释尿素对土壤和玉米植株氮素及干物质和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(5):94~101
缓释尿素对土壤和玉米植株氮素及干物质和产量的影响
The effects of slow-release urea on soil and plant nitrogen content,dry matter and yield of maize
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.05.15
中文关键词:  缓释尿素  玉米  土壤氮素  干物质  氮素吸收
英文关键词:slow-release urea  maize  soil nitrogen  dry matter  N uptake
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B05-04);“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划(2013BAD07B01-07);黑龙江省农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK135-02-03,HNK125B-07-12);校博士启动基金(校启DB2011-16)
作者单位
武鹏 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
杨克军 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
王玉凤 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
张翼飞 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
张文超 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
吴琼 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
陈天宇 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
张鹏飞 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
庞晨 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
王怀鹏 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
尹雪巍 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
杨丽 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室黑龙江 大庆 163319 
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中文摘要:
      试验在等量普通尿素、磷、钾肥(纯N 60、P2O5 120、K2O 90 kg·hm-2)作种肥一次性施入玉米种下8 cm基础上,在拔节期前施入不同类型缓释尿素(纯N记160 kg·hm-2),采用随机区组设4个施氮处理:树脂包膜尿素(A);硫包膜尿素(B);植物油包膜尿素(C);普通尿素(CK)。测定玉米整个生育期0~20 cm土层中硝态氮、铵态氮和全氮含量,测定植株不同器官干物质量和氮含量。结果表明缓释尿素可以提高玉米生育后期土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,与普通尿素相比处理A、B、C灌浆期分别提高硝态氮20.37、29.76、5.18 mg·kg-1和铵态氮8.19、2.31、1.85 mg·kg-1,成熟期分别提高硝态氮5.50、5.93、2.04 mg·kg-1和铵态氮7.12、3.39、1.02 mg·kg-1;土壤全氮含量灌浆期提高0.22、0.11、0.05 mg·kg-1,成熟期提高0.20、0.20、0.01 mg·kg-1;与对照相比树脂包膜尿素(A)、硫包膜尿素(B)、植物油包膜尿素(C)干物质积累量和氮素积累量分别提高89.41、60.92、48.97 g·株-1和73.12、51.60、34.84 kg·hm-2,成熟期籽粒氮素吸收量提高56.98、43.58、29.36 kg·hm-2;缓释尿素处理较普通尿素处理增产2.22%~18.82%。三种缓释尿素处理相比较,树脂包膜尿素施用有效提高了生育后期土壤氮素含量、植株干物质积累、氮素积累和产量,施用效果最佳。
英文摘要:
      The field experiment based on the identical fertilizer, urea (pure N 60 kg·hm-2) , phosphorus (P2O5 120 kg·hm-2) and potassium (K2O 90 kg·hm-2) into 8 cm soil below the maize seed as seeding-fertilizer and fertilized various types of slow-release urea(pure N 160 kg·hm-2) into the soil before jointing stage. Four treatments, I(resin coated urea, A), II (sulfur coated urea, B), III(vegetable oil coated urea) and IV(common urea,CK) were set in the experiment. The spatial-temporal variations of soil NO-3-N, NH+4-N and total N in depth of 0~20 cm and the dry matter and nitrogen content of the Plant organs were measured. Comparing to common urea of the same N application rate, the slow-release urea (A, B, C) could increase the content of soil NO-3-N, NH+4-N in later days. The slow-release urea (A, B, C) increased soil NO-3-N by 5.50, 5.93 and 2.04 mg·kg-1 respectively, increased soil NH+4-N by 8.19, 2.31 and 1.85 mg·kg-1 respectively and increased soil total nitrogen by at maize filling stage. Similarly, they increased soil NO-3-N by 5.50, 5.93 and 2.04 mg·kg-1 respectively, increased soil NH+4-N by 7.12, 3.39 and 1.02 mg·kg-1 respectively at maize harvesting stage. Soil total N was increased by 0.22, 0.11 and 0.05 mg·kg-1 respectively at maize filling stage and was incresed by 0.20, 0.20 and 0.01 mg·kg-1 respectively at maize harvesting stage. The slow-release urea(A, B,C) increased the dry matter 89.41, 60.92 and 48.97g/individual respectively and the accumulation of nitrogen was incresed by 73.12, 51.60 and 34.84 kg·hm-2 respectively at harvesting stage. The accumulation of N on maize grain increased by 56.98, 43.58 and 29.36 kg·hm-2 respectively. The maize yield were increased by 2.22%~18.82%. Comparing to the other slow-release urea, resin coated urea had a better efficiency.
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