| 谢永春,郭天文,刘国一.不同种植方式和施肥对旱地春玉米土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(5):110~115 |
| 不同种植方式和施肥对旱地春玉米土壤硝态氮残留的影响 |
| Effects of different patterns of planting and fertilization on the residual of spring maize soil nitrate nitrogen in dry-land |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.05.17 |
| 中文关键词: 全膜双垄沟播 优化施肥 旱地春玉米 硝态氮残留 |
| 英文关键词:double ridge mulching and furrow planting optimize fertilization dry-land spring maize nitrate nitrogen residual |
| 基金项目:国家地区自然科学基金（2016ZR-NK-11） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 覆膜种植技术已在旱作农区大面积推广，为了探明覆膜种植模式下科学合理的施肥水平，尽量减少土壤氮素残留与淋溶，采用田间定位试验，设全膜双垄沟播（Ｆ）、半膜平作（Ｈ）和裸地平作（Ｏ）３种种植方式，配套优化施肥（OPT）、农民习惯施肥（FP）和不施肥（CK）３种施肥水平，测定了春玉米各生育时期的土壤硝态氮含量，分析了不同处理的土壤硝态氮残留量、分布以及动态变化。结果表明：土壤中硝态氮残留累积量随着氮肥用量的增加而增加，0~200 cm土壤中硝态氮残留量最高可达428.3 kg·hm-2，OPT和FP处理的硝态氮平均累积量分别是CK的7.6和4.4倍；覆膜种植可以减少氮素残留，以全膜双垄沟播尤为明显；裸地平作下长期施氮容易出现硝态氮的残留，其主要残留在60~140 cm土层中，100 cm土层附近最高。两种覆膜种植方式下，随着玉米生育期的推进，0~200 cm土壤硝态氮含量逐渐降低，收获时土壤硝态氮残留量保持在较低水平，而在裸地平作下施氮后硝态氮含量始终维持在较高水平，收获期残留量高。因此，在OPT施肥水平下，配合全膜双垄沟播可以提高氮素利用效率，减少土壤硝态氮下层淋溶，降低因高施氮导致的土壤硝态氮累积。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Film mulching technology is widely promoted in dry-land. To find out the scientific and reasonable fertilization level in the film mulching mode，and try to reduce the soil nitrogen residue and leaching，a field experiment was conducted．In this experiment，3 planting pattern treatments：double ridge mulching and furrow planting(F)，half covered and flat planting (H) and open and flat planting(O) were established with 3 fertilization levels,,optimized fertilization (OPT)，farmers’ conventional fertilization(FP) and no fertilization(CK)．Soil nitrogen at different growth stages of spring maize was measured., The residual nitrate content,,its distribution and dynamics of soil in different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that NO-3-N accumulation in the soil increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the residual amount of NO-3-N in depth of 0~200 cm could be as high as 428.3 kg·hm-2．The average accumulation of NO-3-N in OPT and FP treatment was 7.6 and 4.4 times higher than that in CK respectively．Film mulching could reduce nitrogen’ residue，especially in F treatment．In the long-term nitrogen’ fertilization，NO-3-N residues were prone to occur in O treatment，which mainly distributed in depth of 60~140 cm and near the depth of 100 cm was the highest.With the advance of maize growth period, the content of NO-3-N in depth of 0~200 cm decreased gradually in the F and H treatments.The residual nitrate content of soil was kept on a low level at the time of harvest，while the O treatment on a high level．Therefore, OPT with F could improve the nitrogen efficiency use, reduce the leaching of soil nitrate nitrogen as well as the accumulation of NO-3-N caused by high nitrogen application． |
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