| 马国礼,张国斌,强浩然,张柏杨,季磊,李静,苏金昌,杜淼鑫.水氮耦合对日光温室辣椒生长、光合特性及养分分配的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(5):130~141 |
| 水氮耦合对日光温室辣椒生长、光合特性及养分分配的影响 |
| Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient allocation of pepper in solar greenhouse |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.05.20 |
| 中文关键词: 水氮耦合 辣椒 光合特性 养分分配 日光温室 |
| 英文关键词:water and nitrogen coupling hot pepper photosynthetic characteristics nutrient distribution solar greenhouse |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31460532）；甘肃省高等学校基本科研业务项目 |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1149 |
| 全文下载次数: 513 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同灌水量和氮肥施用量对保护地辣椒生长、光合特性及养分分配的影响，为辣椒生产中合理灌水和施用氮肥提供理论依据。试验设置4个氮肥水平，不施肥（F0）为对照，F1、F2、F3依次按氮肥理论利用率的150%、100%和50%进行施肥；3个基质含水率水平W1、W2、W3分别为基质最大含水率的80%、60%、40%。结果表明，在高水高肥条件下，干鲜重最大值分别为1314.02g、217.89g，株高茎粗最大值分别为193.57cm、19.57mm，均明显高于低水低肥处理；但在低水低肥处理下，辣椒的干物质积累率大于高水高肥处理，对辣椒光合荧光参数的影响主要表现为：在中、高基质含水率水平，施肥处理提高了辣椒的光能利用效率；高肥处理中辣椒的光合参数均比低肥处理中升高15%以上，降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ），提高了辣椒叶片的光合作用，CO2同化速率升高；同时，降低了叶片在光合过程中光能以其它形式的耗散。在低水条件下随着施氮量的增加，辣椒光合荧光各指标的变化与中、高基质含水率呈相反趋势。辣椒的养分分配的总体趋势是：在辣椒定植前期（0~60d）各处理辣椒对氮、磷、钾的积累差异不显著。辣椒各器官的钾和除茎外的磷素的积累量逐渐增加，在定植180~210d时积累量达到最大，氮素和茎的磷素先增加后降低。且在整个生育期辣椒各器官对氮、磷、钾素的积累量总体规律一致，大小依次为：果>茎>叶>根，且含量依次为氮>钾>磷。结论：高水中肥显著促进了辣椒干鲜重、株高茎粗的生长，有利于辣椒叶片的光合和辣椒对氮、磷、钾的吸收和积累；低水高肥处理在前期对辣椒各指标影响不显著，在定植180d以后低水、高肥对辣椒的生长产生拮抗作用增强，该处理的辣椒长势最弱，不利于辣椒植株光合产物和对养分的积累。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of different irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilizer application on the growth, photosynthetic treats and nutrient distribution of pepper in protected field, and to provide theoretical basis for proper irrigation and nitrogen application in pepper development. F1, F2, F3 was 150%, 100% and 50% nitrogen fertilizer respectively of the theoretical utilization rate. And no fertilization (F0) was used as CK. W1, W2 and W3 of the three substrates were 80%, 60% and 40% of the maximum water content of the substrate respectively. The results show that: Under the condition of high water and high fertilizer, the maximum value of dry and fresh weight was 1314.02g and 217.89g.The maximum values of stem diameter and plant height were 193.57cm and 19.57mm, which were significantly higher than those of low water and low fertilizer treatments.However, under the condition of low water and low fertilizer, the dry matter accumulation rate of pepper was higher than that of high water and high fertilizer, the effect on pepper’s photosynthetic fluorescence parameters was as follows:In medium and high basal water content level, fertilizer application increased the light utilization efficiency of pepper.the photosynthetic parameters of pepper in high fertilizer treatment increased by more than 15% compared to low fertilizer treatment. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) were decreased, and the photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation rate were increased.At the same time, it reduces the dissipation of light energy in other forms during photosynthesis. Under low water condition, the changes of photosynthetic fluorescence of pepper showed an opposite trend with the increase of the water content of medium and high substrate, with nitrogen application rate increasing. The general trend of nutrient distribution in pepper was: there was no significant difference in the accumulation of N, P and K under different treatments in pepper during the pre-planting period (0~60 d).The accumulation of potassium and phosphorus in all the organs except phosphorus in stem of pepper increased gradually, and reached the maximum at 180~210 d after planting. The nitrogen in all organs and phosphorus of stem increased first and then decreased.The order of accumulation of N, P and K in different organs of pepper was as follows: fruit> stalk> leaf> root; and the content from high to low was: nitrogen> potassium> phosphorus in the whole growth period.Conclusion: High-water medium fertilizers significantly promoted the growth of dry weight, plant height and stem diameter of pepper, which was beneficial to the photosynthesis of pepper leaves and the uptake and accumulation of N, P and K. The effect of low-water high fertilizer treatment on pepper was not significant in the beginning. Significantly, 180 days after colonization, low water and high fertilizer had an antagonistic effect on the growth of pepper. The growth of pepper was the weakest under this treatment, which was disadvantageous to the photosynthates and the accumulation of nutrient. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |