| 李彪,孟兆江,段爱旺,刘祖贵,刘小飞,申孝军,常晓.调亏灌溉对夏玉米根冠生长关系的调控效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(5):169~175 |
| 调亏灌溉对夏玉米根冠生长关系的调控效应 |
| Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on growth relation of root to shoot in summer maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.05.25 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 调亏灌溉 根冠生长 根冠比 补偿效应 |
| 英文关键词:maize regulated deficit irrigation growth of root and shoot ratio of root to shoot compensatory effect |
| 基金项目:河南省科技攻关计划项目（152102110003）;中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以夏玉米（zea may L. cv.）为试验材料，采用防雨棚下桶栽土培方法，进行调亏灌溉（Regulated deficit irrigation, RDI）对根、冠生长的影响研究，旨在寻求适宜的水分调亏阶段和调节亏水度，为建立节水高产、优质高效作物RDI模式提供技术参数。试验采用二因素随机区组设计，设置4个水分调亏阶段：三叶~拔节（I），拔节~抽穗（II），抽穗~灌浆（III），灌浆~成熟（IV）；每个调亏阶段设置3个水分调亏度：轻度调亏（L）、中度调亏（M）和重度调亏（S），土壤相对含水率分别为60%~65% FC（Field capacity）、50%~55% FC和40%~45% FC；设全生育期保持适宜土壤水分(75%~80% FC)作为对照（CK）。分别在水分调亏期间和复水后测定各处理根系参数和地上干物质质量。结果表明，玉米生长中、后期水分调亏具有促进根系发育和减缓根系衰亡的“双重效应”，反映出玉米根系在生育后期比生育前期对水分适应能力强的特性。玉米根冠比（R/S）受水分影响最大的阶段是三叶-拔节期，受水分影响最小的阶段是灌浆期；拔节-抽穗期水分调亏期间能显著增大R/S，复水后分配到冠层与根系的物质比较平衡，维持较为适宜的R/S，表明此阶段为通过RDI调控玉米R/S的适宜阶段。玉米三叶-拔节期水分调亏改善了穗部性状，表明在作物营养生长阶段的适度水分调亏有利于作物生殖生长。RDI可以有效调控根/冠生长关系，提高经济产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of different deficit irrigation strategies on such morphological parameters as root and shoot in pot-grown maize (zea may L. cv.) plants were experimentally investigated in different growth phases during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 under rain-proof shelter condition in Huang-huai-hai Plain in China to evaluate how such strategies could be safely used and offered theories basis for the establishment of Regulated Deficit Irrigation(RDI) model for water-saving, high-yield, high quality and efficiency in crops. A two-factor randomize-block design was applied. The first factor was different stages of water deficit, including three leaves-stem elongation stage (I), stem elongation-ear emergence stage (II), ear emergence-filling stage (III), and filling-maturing stage (IV). The other factor was different degree of water deficit with three levels by soil relative water content, which included light deficit (L), moderate deficit (M) and severe deficit (S) at stages of water deficit I to IV, corresponding soil relative water content were 60%~65% FC (Field Capacity), 50%~55% FC and 40%~45% FC, respectively. Totally, 12 water deficit treatments with six replicates were designed and applied. Additionally, an appropriate irrigation treatment (75%~80%FC) during whole growing season with twenty-four replicates was designed as control (CK). Such morphological parameters as root dry weight, root weight density and root length density, plant height, leaves area, ear characters and total shoot dry matter weight were measured synchronously in all water treatments during water stress period and after re-watering, respectively. The results indicated that there were differences in effects of RDI on growth of roots and shoots in maize plants due to both phenological stages and degree of water deficit. A moderate water deficit (50%~55%FC) applied at stem elongation-ear emergence phases reduced significantly plant height, promoted plants to grow robustly and prevented plants from late lodging and increased yield. There were a positive effect on root growth and an effect on delaying senescence of root system in water deficit period at middle or later phases in maize plants growth, which reflected that the adaptability of root systems to water deficit was stronger at later stage than that at early stage. The influence of water status on the ratio of root to shoot (R/S) was the maximal at three leaves-stem elongation stages and the least at filling stage. Water deficit applied at stem elongation-ear emergence stages increased significantly R/S. The matter distribution between the root systems and shoots was balance after re-watering, and a appropriate value of R/S was retained, which indicated that stem elongation-ear emergence stages was a suitable phase to regulate R/S by using RDI. Water deficit applied at three leaves-stem elongation stages improved ear characters in maize, which indicated an appropriate water deficit at vegetative growth phases benefited for promoting reproductive growth. It is believed that RDI can effectively coordinate the relation of root to shoot and then increase grain yield in maize. |
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