| 高繁,胡田田,姚德龙,刘杰.密度和品种对夏玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(6):21~25 |
| 密度和品种对夏玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of planting density and cultivar on grain yield and water use efficiency of summer maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.06.04 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 品种 种植密度 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:summer maize cultivar planting density grain yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:2015公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费(201503124) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本试验旨在研究品种和密度对夏玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响，通过品种选择和密度优化为玉米节水高产提供依据。试验材料选择郑单958、屯玉808、先玉335、先玉1266、浚单29 、陕单226、陕单609 、延科288、西农211和华农138共10个玉米品种，设置6.75×104、7.5×104、8.25×104株·hm-2共3个种植密度，采用裂区设计进行田间试验，研究夏玉米产量、生物量、耗水量及水分利用效率随密度和品种的变化规律。结果表明：种植密度的增加会影响夏玉米的产量及水分利用效率，不同密度下以8.25×104株·hm-2的产量和水分利用效率最高，平均产量为7 954 kg·hm-2，水分利用效率为22.1 kg·hm-2·mm-1；不同品种夏玉米产量和水分利用效率对密度的响应存在差异，屯玉808的耐密性最好,西农211耐密性最差；产量越高的品种水分利用效率越高。因此在关中平原，适当提高种植密度，并选用耐密型高产品种是实现玉米种植节水高产的有效途径。本试验条件下，以8.25×104株·hm-2密度水平种植屯玉808、华农138、先玉1266和陕单609，以7.5×104株·hm-2密度种植郑单958，可同时获得产量和水分利用效率最高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Effects of cultivar and planting density on grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of summer maize were assessed to improve the grain yield and WUE by optimizing the combination of cultivar and planting density.Field experiments were conducted and three planting densities, 67 500,75 000 and 82 500 individual·hm-2 were set for ten summer maize cultivars Zhengdan 958,Tunyu 808,Xianyu 335, Xianyu 1266, Jundan 29, Shandan 226,Shandan 609,Yanke 288, Xinong 211 and Huanong 138. The split-plot experiment design was taken to explore the change rules of grain yield, biomass, total water consumption and WUE.The results showed that increasing planting density would affect summer maize grain yield and WUE. The highest average grain yield was 7 954 kg·hm-2 and the highest average WUE was 22.1 kg·hm-2·mm-1 when the density was 82 500 individual·hm-2. The effect of planting density on yield and WUE of summer maize cultivars varied. The density-tolerance of Tunyu 808 and Xinong 211 was the best and the worst respectively. The cultivars with high WUE had grain yield. It was an efficient way to increase planting density appropriately and select high density-tolerance cultivars to save water and improve grain yield in Guanzhong plain. Both grain yield andWUE would be the highest to plant Tunyu 808, Huanong 138, Xianyu 1266 and Shandan 609 at the density of 82 500 individual·hm-2 and plant Zhengdan 958 at the density of 75 000 individual·hm-2 under the current experimental condition. |
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