| 卓热木·塔西,木合塔尔·扎热,卢明艳,帕丽旦·阿布什,吴正保.自然干旱条件下2个石榴品种生长和光合等生理特性的变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(6):77~85 |
| 自然干旱条件下2个石榴品种生长和光合等生理特性的变化 |
| Changes in growth and photosynthetic and other physiological characteristics of two pomegranate cultivars under drought condition |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.06.12 |
| 中文关键词: 石榴 自然干旱 生长特征 光合特性 土壤相对含水量 |
| 英文关键词:pomegranate natural drought growth characteristics photosynthetic characteristics soil relative moisture content |
| 基金项目:新疆自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目（ky201646） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以石榴品种中农红和突尼斯作为研究对象，采用盆栽人工控水法，研究自然干旱条件下2个石榴品种生长量特征参数、光合特性参数、膜脂过氧化程度及其保护酶类活性和渗透调节物质含量等指标变化。结果表明：随着土壤相对含水量的自然下降，2个石榴品种的干物质积累率、叶片细胞相对电导率、丙二醛含量和游离脯氨酸含量均呈现上升趋势，光合速率（Pn）均逐渐减少，蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和可溶性糖含量均呈现先升后降的趋势，根冠比、水分利用效率（WUE）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势均有所不同。土壤相对含水量从70%自然降到30%期间，2个石榴品种叶片细胞相对电导率均没有显著变化，而Pn分别从17.117 μmol·m-2·s-1和15.783 μmol·m-2·s-1下降为4.583 μmol·m-2·s-1和5.033 μmol·m-2·s-1，此时2个石榴品种可溶性糖含量表现出最高值，分别为7.052%和7.414 8%。土壤相对含水量从30%继续下降后，2个石榴品种Pn、Tr、WUE、Gs和可溶性糖含量均开始大幅度下降，而干物质积累率、Ci、叶片细胞相对电导率、SOD活性、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量均开始上升。总之，自然干旱条件下，2个石榴品种幼苗能保持正常生长的条件是土壤相对含水量≥30%，若土壤相对含水量<30%，2个品种均可能会受到严重伤害或不可恢复的损失。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using pomegranate cultivars, Zhongnonghong and Tunisia, as the research objects planted in the artificially controlled water environment, we studied the changes in growth parameters, photosynthetic parameters, membrane lipid peroxidation, protective enzyme activities, and content of osmotic adjustment substance in the two cultivars under drought condition. The results showed that, with the natural decline of relative water content of soil, the dry matter accumulation rate, relative conductivity, leaf MDA content and proline content of two pomegranate cultivars demonstrated a rising trend but the photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased. The transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), catalase (CAT) activity, and soluble sugar content decreased following an initial increase. However, the root-shoot ratio, water use efficiency (WUE), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and soluble protein content had inconsistent trend. When relative water content of soil decreased from 70% to 30%, the relative conductivity of leaf cells of two pomegranate cultivars was not significantly impacted, but the Pn in both of the cultivars was decreased from 17.117 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 15.783 μmol·m-2·s-1 to 4.583 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 5.033 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively while the soluble sugar content of two pomegranate cultivars reached the highest value, 7.052% and 7.414% in Zhongnonghong and Tunisia, respectively. With continuous decrease in relative water content of soil below 30%, the Pn, Tr, WUE, Gs, and soluble sugar content of two pomegranate cultivars were significantly decreased, but there were a rising trend on the dry matter accumulation rate, Ci, relative leaf cell conductivity, SOD activity, soluble protein, and free proline content. In conclusion, under natural drought conditions, two studied pomegranate cultivars seedlings could maintain the normal growth when relative water content of soil is above 30%, however, if the relative water content of soil drops below 30%, these two pomegranate cultivars are likely to suffer serious injury or unrecoverable loss. |
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