| 宋影,郭素娟,孙慧娟,谢明明,张丽.有机物料深施对板栗园褐土物理性状及果实产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(6):137~144 |
| 有机物料深施对板栗园褐土物理性状及果实产量的影响 |
| Effect of deep application of organic materials on physical properties and yield of Chinese chestnut in cinnamon soil |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.06.21 |
| 中文关键词: 有机物料 土壤团聚体 保水性 板栗 产量 |
| 英文关键词:organic materials soil aggregates moisture retention Chinese chestnut fruit yield |
| 基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项（201204401）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2013BAD14B0402） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用田间试验方法，以板栗燕山早丰为供试品种，设置5个处理：空白对照（CK）、等养分无机肥（WJ）、等养分栗蓬栗叶-菌渣-秸秆-鸡粪混合堆肥（BYZ）、菌渣鸡粪堆肥（ZF）和栗蓬栗叶-菌渣-鸡粪堆肥（BZ），研究有机物料深施对山地板栗园褐土（分0～20 cm和20～40 cm两个土层）团聚体分布、土壤总孔隙度、土壤含水率、土壤水势及板栗产量的影响，为产区合理利用有机养分资源提供依据。结果表明：（1）土壤团聚体均以＞0.5 mm和0.053~0.25 mm为主，含量分别为31.46%~41.87%、34.63%~49.98%，土壤含水率、土壤水势均随时间的推移呈现先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势，且在7月初均最低；（2）与CK和WJ处理相比，有机物料处理＞0.5 mm的大团聚体含量分别增加7.10%~33.09%、1.10%~25.84%，而0.053~0.25 mm微团聚体含量显著降低，分别较CK和WJ处理降低13.58%~30.72%、5.08%~19.83%，板栗产量及各土层土壤平均质量直径(MWD)、＞0.25 mm团聚体含量（R0.25）显著增加，各土层土壤含水率、土壤总孔隙度总体表现为BZ＞BYZ＞ZF，与产量大小排列一致；（3）20～40 cm土层平均土壤含水率和平均土壤水势与板栗产量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。（4）整体研究表明，栗蓬栗叶-菌渣-鸡粪堆肥（BZ）不仅能改良土壤结构和提高土壤保水性，而且板栗增产效果最显著，是产区好氧堆肥原料体系和山地板栗园深施实践的较佳选择。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of deep application of organic materials on cinnamon soil aggregates distribution, soil moisture content, soil water potential, soil total porosity, and fruit yield in Chinese chestnut orchard, consequently, providing guidance for optimal use of organic materials in the soil. Castanea mollissima (Yanshan zaofeng) was selected as test crop. Five treatments, CK(no fertilizer), WJ(inorganic fertilizer with equivalent N, P, K nutrients), BYZ(compost of hulls and leaves of Castanea mollissima, fungus slag, corn stalks and chicken manure with equivalent nutrients), ZF(compost of fungus slag and chicken manure with equivalent nutrients), and BZ(composts of hulls and leaves of C. mollissima, fungus slag and chicken manure with equivalent nutrients) were carried out in this experiment. The results showed that major fractions of aggregates were the size ＞0.5 mm (31.46%~41.87%) and 0.053~0.25 mm (34.63%~49.98%). Soil moisture content and soil water potential increased first and decreased afterwards, then, increased with time, which reached the minimum in early July. Compared with CK and WJ treatments, under the organic materials treatments, the percentage of water-stable aggregate >0.5 mm increased by 7.10%~33.09% and 1.10%~25.84%, respectively, and the percentage of 0.053~0.25 mm water-stable aggregate decreased remarkably by 13.58%~30.72% and 5.08%~19.83%, respectively. The fruit yield, mean weight diameter (MWD), and the contents of macro-aggregates (R0.25) with the organic material application significantly increased in corresponding soil horizons (0~20 cm and 20~40 cm). Soil moisture content and total soil porosity generally distributed in the order of that in BZ＞BYZ＞ZF, which was consistent with fruit yield trend. The correlation analysis showed that average soil moisture and soil water potential in 20~40 cm soil horizon had significant positive correlated with fruit yield (P<0.05). The results also suggested that organic materials especially in BZ was a good addition for aerobic composting raw material system and deep application in given area significantly improved soil structure, soil water, and air characteristics. Thus, it resulted in the highest fruit yield among all treatments. |
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