| 马宗桓,陈佰鸿,胡紫璟,李文芳,姜雪峰,毛娟.施氮时期对干旱荒漠区‘蛇龙珠’葡萄叶片糖代谢及果实品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(6):145~152 |
| 施氮时期对干旱荒漠区‘蛇龙珠’葡萄叶片糖代谢及果实品质的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen application on leaf sugar metabolism and fruit quality of ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grape in arid desert region |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.06.22 |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄 施氮时期 糖含量 酶活性 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:grape nitrogen application stage sugar content enzyme activity fruit quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31460499）；甘肃省科技重大专项（18ZD2NA006） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索不同生育期施入定量氮肥对葡萄叶片糖代谢及采收期果实品质的影响，以酿酒葡萄‘蛇龙珠’为材料，在萌芽期（A）、新梢生长期（B）、开花期（C）、果实第一次膨大期（D）、副梢生长旺期（E）和果实第二次膨大期（F）分别施入尿素300 kg·hm-2，不施氮肥（G）为对照,测定不同时期叶片糖水平、糖代谢酶活性和采收期果实的品质指标。结果表明：各时期施入氮肥对叶片比叶重无影响，显著增加了DBF5(花前5 d)和DAF85(花后85 d)叶绿素相对含量。F不利于叶片葡萄糖和果糖的积累，C在DAF116（花后116 d）时叶片（干重）蔗糖含量最高，达到3.33 mg·g-1；与DAF85相比，A和B在DAF116时叶片果糖含量增加约13.0％，C、D、E和F分别下降了33.1%、36.3%、48.5%和27.5％；A、B、C、D和E之间淀粉含量在DAF85和DAF116均无显著差异，但均高于相应时期对照。E在DAF85和DAF116时叶片SS显著高于其它处理；C在DAF25、DAF55、DAF85和DAF116时，NI活性（萄萄糖浓度·鲜重-1）最高，分别为0.22、0.25、0.33 mmol·h-1·g-1和0.30 mmol·h-1·g-1。C在采收期果实可溶性固形物和Vc含量较高，可滴定酸含量最低，B葡萄产量最高，达到17 178.66 kg·hm-2，较对照提高了31.74％。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application at various growth stages on leaf sugar metabolism and fruit quality of grape, Cabernet Gernischet, a kind of nice grape, was used as the study crop with 300 kg·hm-2 of urea applied at stages of bud break (A), new shoot development (B), flowering (C), the first fruit expansion (D), lateral shoot development (E), and the second fruit expansion (F), respectively. Non-nitrogen fertilizer (G) was the control. The sugar levels and several metabolic enzyme activities in leaves at different stages as well as the quality indexes of fruit in the harvest stage were determined. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer in all stages had no significant effect on the specific leaf weight, however, significantly increased the relative content of chlorophyll at DBF5 (5 days before flowering) and DAF85 (85 days after flowering). Treatment F was not good for the accumulation of glucose and fructose in leaves. The sucrose content in leaves (dry weight) of treatment C reached maximum of 3.33 mg·g-1 at DAF116 (116 days after flowering). Compared with DAF85, fructose content in leaves of treatments A and B increased by 13.0% at DAF16 but decreased by 33.1%, 36.3%, 48.5%, and 27.5% in treatments C, D, E, and F, respectively. There were no significance difference among treatments A, B, C, D, and E in leaf starch contents at DAF85 and DAF116 respectively, but they were higher than the corresponding G. In the treatment E, sucrose synthase (SS) activity of the leaves was significantly higher at DAF85 and DAF116 than that in other treatments. In treatment C, the neutral invertase (NI) activity （glucose concentration/fresh wight） was at the highest levels of 0.22, 0.25, 0.33 mmol·h-1·g-1, and 0.30 mmol·h-1·g-1 at DAF25, DAF55, DAF85 and DAF115, respectively. Treatment C resulted in higher soluble sugar and Vc contents but the lowest titratable acid content in fruits at the harvest. The treatment B had the highest grape yield, 17 178.66 kg·hm-2, which was 31.74% higher than that of control. |
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