郝敏,李艳伟,韩剑宏,张连科,余维佳,焦丽燕.玉米芯基和污泥基生物质炭对盐碱土壤理化性质及重金属有效性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(1):27~33
玉米芯基和污泥基生物质炭对盐碱土壤理化性质及重金属有效性的影响
Effects of biochar derived from corn cob and sludge on physical and chemical properties and heavy metal availability of saline-sodic soil
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.01.04
中文关键词:  生物质炭  玉米芯  污泥  盐碱土壤  理化性质  重金属有效性
英文关键词:biochar  corn cob  sludge  saline-sodic soil  physical and chemical properties  heavy metals availability
基金项目:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2016MS0405,2016MS0221);内蒙古科技大学产学研合作培育基金(CXY201603)
作者单位
郝敏 北京中企环能科技有限公司北京 100102 
李艳伟 内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院内蒙古 包头 014010 
韩剑宏 内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院内蒙古 包头 014010 
张连科 内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院内蒙古 包头 014010 
余维佳 包头市辐射环境管理处,内蒙古 包头 014010 
焦丽燕 晖泽水务(青州)有限公司,山东 青州 262500 
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中文摘要:
      为了解玉米芯基和污泥基生物质炭应用于盐碱土壤改良的可行性,以玉米芯和剩余活性污泥为原料,在300℃~500℃条件下热解制备生物质炭,通过扫描电镜对其微观结构进行分析,并通过培养试验研究不同温度制备的生物质炭对盐碱土壤基本理化性质及重金属有效性的影响。结果表明:玉米芯、污泥碳化后微观结构更发达,比表面积更大;添加混合生物质炭能够显著增加盐碱土壤中有机碳含量,是对照土壤的3.66~10.13倍,而土壤中总氮、总磷、有效磷、速效钾含量变化幅度较小,水溶性盐含量降低明显,最大降低5.06 g·kg-1,且加入生物质炭后大幅度提高了土壤阳离子交换能力,提高了3~9.25倍,但混合生物质炭对土壤pH值影响不大;生物质炭能够有效降低土壤重金属有效态含量,且随着施用量增加而显著降低。
英文摘要:
      In order to understand the effect of biochar derived from corn cob and sludge in the saline-sodic soil improvement, we conducted a experiment to determine the effect of the biochar prepped under different temperatures on physical and chemical properties of saline soil and the availability of heavy metals. The biochar was prepared from corn cob and sludge treated at 300~500℃ before application to soil. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that biochar had more developed microstructure and greater specific surface area than corn cob and sludge. With increasing amount of biochar applied, the content of organic carbon in the saline soil was significantly improved by 3.66~10.13 times and the water soluble salt was decreased by 5.06 g·kg-1. However, the total N and P and available P and K were slightly changed. With increasing the amount of biochar, CEC in the saline soil was significantly improved by 3~9.25 times and soluble salts decreased significantly while soil pH was slightly lowered. Therefore, it is concluded that biochar application in the saline-sodic soil can effectively reduce the availability of heavy metals and the effectiveness increased with increasing the application rate.
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