| 项洪涛,梁晓艳,郑殿峰,李琬,王彤彤,王畅,王立志,李冰,齐德强.花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(2):114~122 |
| 花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响 |
| Effects of low temperature stress during flowering stage on physiological characteristics of rice leaf sheath and seed-setting rate |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.02.17 |
| 中文关键词: 开花期低温 水稻 叶鞘 生理特性 结实率 |
| 英文关键词:low temperature stress during flowering stage rice leaf sheath physiological characteristics seed-setting rate |
| 基金项目:中国博士后基金面上项目（2016M591563）；黑龙江省博士后资助基金项目（LBH-Z15197）；国家自然科学基金国际合作项目（31661143012）；黑龙江省自然科学基金面上项目（C2015028）；黑龙江省农业科学院引进博士人员科研启动金项目（201507-07） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 盆栽条件下，以耐冷性不同的2个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种龙稻5（耐冷型）和龙粳11（冷敏型）为材料，于开花期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃，分别持续1，2，3，4，5 d）处理，研究开花期低温对不同耐冷性水稻结实率及叶鞘膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理指标的影响。结果表明：低温处理2 d时，龙稻5和龙粳11的花粉活力分别下降了8.21%和16.10%，差异达极显著水平；低温处理3 d后，龙稻5的结实率下降到99.90%，与CK相比差异达到显著水平；低温处理1 d后，龙粳11的结实率下降到60.04%，与对照相比差异达到极显著水平。低温处理提高了水稻叶鞘相对电导率和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量，处理5 d时各指标达最大值，与CK相比，龙稻15和龙粳11分别提高了38.01%和20.77%、25.06%和84.85%、25.82%和23.63%。同时低温处理也提高了叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，处理3 d时酶活性达最大值，龙稻15和龙粳11分别较CK提高了10.57%和14.90%、86.26%和68.71%、17.73%和28.25%。综上所述，开花期低温引起水稻叶鞘膜脂过氧化程度升高，但也诱导水稻叶鞘抗氧化系统开启、保护酶活性上升以抵御低温伤害；开花期低温导致水稻花粉活力降低并引起结实率降低，耐冷品种较冷敏品种抵御能力强。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Two different cold tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Longdao 5 (cold tolerant) and Longjing 11 (cold sensitive) were planted in a pot experiment, which was conducted to explore the influence of low temperature stress on the seed-setting rate and physiological characteristics such as membrane permeability, antioxidant enzyme activities in leaf sheath under low temperature stress (15℃ for 1，2，3，4，and 5 days) during flowering stage in growth chambers. The results showed that pollen viability of Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 was significantly decreased by 8.21% and 16.10%, respectively, after treating for 2 days under low temperature. The seed-setting rate of Longdao 5 was significantly decreased to 99.90% after treating for 3 d while Longjing 11 significantly decreased to 60.04% after only 1 d of treatment. The low temperature treatment significantly increased the relative conductivity and contents of proline and soluble protein in rice leaf sheath that peaked after treating for 5 days. The conductivity and contents of proline and soluble protein in Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 increased by 38.01% and 20.77%, 25.06% and 84.85%, 25.82% and 23.63%, respectively, over that of CK. The low temperature treatment also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in leaf sheath, which reached maximum after treating for 3 days. Their contents in Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 increased by 10.57% and 14.90%, 86.26% and 68.71%, 17.73% and 28.25%, respectively, over CK. In summary, low temperature stress during flowering stage caused the increase of lipid peroxidation in rice sheath and induced the antioxidant production in rice sheath and increased the activity of protective enzymes to alleviate injury from the low temperature stress. The low temperature stress during flowering stage led to the decrease of pollen activity and seed setting rate, however, cold-tolerant varieties was more tolerant than cold-sensitive varieties. |
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