| 苟小梅,沈杰,蔡艳,何玉亭,王昌全,罗定棋,杜宣延.基于种植密度的烤烟氮素吸收累积特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(3):170~176 |
| 基于种植密度的烤烟氮素吸收累积特征分析 |
| Analysis of nitrogen uptake and accumulation characteristics of flue-cured tobacco based on planting density |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.03.22 |
| 中文关键词: 烤烟植株 种植密度 氮素吸收分配 品种 |
| 英文关键词:flue-cured tobacco plant planting density nitrogen uptake and distribution variety |
| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B18-02）；中国烟草总公司四川省公司重点科技项目“植烟土壤质量提升关键技术研究与集成应用”(SCYC201504)；四川省烟草公司泸州市公司重点项目（2013003）；四川农业大学双支计划项目（03571890） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过大田试验，探究不同种植密度:13 890（D1）、15 150(D2)、16 660(D3)、18 510株·hm-2(D4)对云烟97、NC71和K326烤烟氮素吸收分配的影响，以期为优化当地烤烟群体结构，发挥最大密植效应提供理论依据。结果表明，随着生育进程的推进，烤烟氮含量呈下降趋势，降幅为91.10%~180.10%，动态曲线可用指数函数拟合；密植后，云烟97、NC71初始氮含量呈下降趋势，分别降低了0.07%、0.14%，K326则从4.26%降低到4.24%，再升高到4.30%；密植对K326氮含量下降速率无显著影响，而云烟97、NC71高密度处理氮含量降幅显著，下降速率相较对照（D1）分别增加9.09%、8.26%。烤烟氮累积动态可用Logistic模型拟合，氮累积峰值参数出现时间相较D1均有不同程度的提前，其中云烟97高密度处理（D4）的氮素快速累积起始时间、终止时间和最大氮累积速率出现时间分别提前7.18、17.26 d和12.22 d，且最大氮累积速率呈增加趋势，增幅为12.46%~34.69%。从不同生育期来看，旺长期以前氮素累积随种植密度的增加明显上升，密植效应显著，其中D4处理上升幅度达30.65%~ 314.58%；旺长期以后氮素累积趋于稳定。密植后，中心花开放期烤烟根茎和下部烟叶氮累积增幅显著，相较D1分别增加32.67%~49.01%和42.97%~ 58.98%，而中上部烟叶氮累积受限。综上得出：K326高密植（D4）、NC71中密植（D3）、云烟97中低密植（D1、D2之间）有利于烟叶氮素吸收利用和光合作用，以发挥烤烟最大密植效应。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the population structure of local flue-cured tobacco and giving the maximum dense planting effect, a field experiment was adopted to study the effects of different planting densities: 13 890（D1）,15 150(D2),16 660 plants·hm-2(D3) and 18 510 plants·hm-2(D4) on the nitrogen (N) uptake and distribution in Yunyan 97, NC71 and K326 flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the N content in flue-cured tobacco decreased by 91.10%~180.10% with the growth process and a dynamic exponential function could be used to describe N content variation in the plant. With dense planting, the initial N content of Yunyan 97 and NC71 decreased by 0.07% and 0.14% respectively, while K326 decreased from 4.26% to 4.24% and then increased to 4.30%. Planting density did not significantly impact decreasing rate of N content in K326, however, the N content of Yunyan 97 and NC71 decreased significantly in high dense planting (D4),compared to the control (D1)，the decreasing rate raised by 9.09%(Yunyan97) and 8.26% (NC71). The Dynamic Logistic model showed the time of N rapid accumulation and peak value of N accumulation in dense planting flue-cured tobacco were earlier but at different degrees than that of D1. The start time, termination time of rapid accumulation of nitrogen and maximum N accumulation rate in high dense planted Yunyan 97 (D4)were 7.18 d, 17.26 d and 12.22 d earlier than D1, respectively, and the maximum N accumulation rate increased by 12.46%~34.69%. In different growth stages, the N accumulation significantly increased with increasing planting density before the fast-growing stage, and the dense planting effect was significant, esp. the D4 treatment increasing by 30.65%~314.58%; the N accumulation tended to be stable after the fast-growing stage. With the dense planting, the N accumulation in roots and stems, and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco significantly increased by 32.67%~49.01% and 42.97%~58.98% than that of D1, respectively, while the N accumulation of middle and upper leaves was limited during the flowering stage. In summary, high-dense of K326 (D4), mid-dense of NC71 (D3), and mid-low density planting of Yunyan 97 (D1 and D2) were optimum planting to the N uptake and photosynthesis to achieve the maximum dense planting effect of flue-cured tobacco. |
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