| 王晶晶,毕华兴,郭孟霞,孙于卜,段航旗,彭瑞东.晋西黄土区常规果农间作模式下果树遮阴时空分布特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(3):185~191 |
| 晋西黄土区常规果农间作模式下果树遮阴时空分布特征 |
| The spatial and temporal distribution of shade under apple trees with conventional intercropping system in west Shanxi Loess area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.03.24 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果树 果农间作模式 遮阴面积 遮阴范围 晋西黄土区 |
| 英文关键词:apple trees agroforestry interplanting mode shade area shade range west Shanxi Loess area |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金"果农间作系统林下太阳辐射时空分布及其对间作作物的影响"(31470638)；2019北京林业大学专项-科技创新服务能力建设-科研基地建设-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心（2011协同创新中心）（PXM2019_014207_000099） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨晋西黄土区常规苹果树与农作物间作模式条件下不同树龄果树遮阴范围的时空分布特征，提出合理的间作作物种植区域，以山西吉县果农间作条件下4~7 a生苹果树为试验材料，遵循平行光线下的相似性原理，将果树按其树体缩小50倍，制作不同林龄的苹果树3D模型，利用树体模型在研究区进行果树遮阴范围的动态测定。结果表明：（1）在时间上，单株苹果树遮阴面积在一天内随时间先减小后增大，中午12∶00果树遮阴面积最小；在空间上，苹果树遮阴范围整体呈现不等宽弧型分布，且果树北侧遮阴大于南侧遮阴距离0.5~0.6 m。（2）在一天中，4~7 a生苹果树行间均受到同行苹果树(目标果树与邻株果树)的叠加遮阴，遮阴时长为4~9 h。（3）4 m×5 m株行距配置下间作作物的适宜种植区域为1.41~1.91 m，5 m×5 m 株行距配置下间作作物的种植区域为1.63~2.14 m，且种植区域均随树龄的增加而减小。（4）间作作物行间适宜种植区域应采用南北向不等间距种植，并且适宜种植区北向距离大于南向距离0.6~0.7 m。综合研究区常规果农间作配置果树遮阴范围时空分布特征分析，传统果农间作系统下不同树龄时期，间作作物的南北方向等间距种植模式存在不合理性。本研究依据晋西黄土区常规果农间作配置模式果树遮阴范围时空分布特征，提出果农复合系统间作作物的不同株行距配置下不同树龄的间作作物合理种植区，间作作物种植需考虑南北不等间距，且随着树龄增长间作范围应不断缩小。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore temporal and spatial of shading region in different apple tree ages of conventional agroforestry system in west Shanxi Loess area, and provide reasonable planted region for intercropping, 4~7 year-old apple trees in agroforestry system were chosen as experimental material in Jixian, Shanxi Province. Similarity principle under parallel sun light was applied that apple tree was reduced by 50 times to make 3D apple tree model used by 3D print technology. We used 3D apple tree model to measure dynamic change of apple tree shading range. Results showed that: (1) In term of time, the shading area of an apple tree changed from decreasing to increasing in a day, and the area was the smallest at 12∶00; In term of space, the shading region of apple tree was unequal width arc, and the shade on the north side of the fruit tree was larger than the shade on the south side by 0.5~0.6 m. (2) During the day, the 4~7 year-old apple trees were repeatedly shaded by the target apple trees and neighboring apple trees, and the shading period was 4~9 h. (3) The reasonable plant region of intercropping in 4 m×5 m was 1.41~1.91 m, the plant region of intercropping in 5 m×5 m was 1.63~2.14 m. The region was decreased as tree age increased. (4) The plant region of intercropping was applied the plant method of unequal distance in north and south, the northward distance was 0.6~0.7 m greater than the southward direction. Traditional intercropping plant that equal distance of north and south was irrational, according to temporal and spatial distribution in agroforestry system. Intercropping plant region of different ages in different configurations was proposed by the analysis of temporal and spatial distribution in agroforestry system. The planting of intercropping should consider unequal distribution in the north and south. And the plant range of intercropping should continue to shrink with the tree age. |
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