周云哲,粟晓玲,周正弘.基于“量-质-域-流”四维指标体系的水资源荷载状况评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(3):215~223
基于“量-质-域-流”四维指标体系的水资源荷载状况评价
Evaluation of water resource load balance based on four dimensional index system (quantity-quality-watershed-flow)
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.03.28
中文关键词:  水资源荷载  四维指标体系  正态云模型  负荷指标  承载能力指标  黑河流域
英文关键词:water resource load balance  four-dimensional index system  normal cloud model  load index  carrying capacity index  Hei River basin
基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0401306);国家自然科学基金项目(91425302)
作者单位
周云哲 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院陕西 杨凌 712100 
粟晓玲 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院陕西 杨凌 712100 
周正弘 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院陕西 杨凌 712100 
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中文摘要:
      随着社会经济用水不断增加,水资源供需矛盾加剧,水资源系统出现荷载不均衡现象,制约了区域发展,危及生态环境良性循环。本文从水资源系统的负荷需求和承载能力出发,基于“量、质、域、流”四个维度构建水资源荷载均衡评价指标体系,采用指标规范化的正态云模型,评价2015年黑河流域张掖市、酒泉市、阿拉善盟水资源配置方案的荷载均衡状况,并依据负荷与承载能力评分二维坐标,分出低负荷-高承载能力、低负荷-低承载能力、高负荷-高承载能力和高负荷-低承载能力四个分区。评价结果表明:2015年三地水资源荷载状况均为Ⅳ级,张掖市综合评分为3.697,酒泉市为3.657,阿拉善盟为3.901,三地均处于高负荷-低承载能力区域;三地在水质维度上处于低负荷-高承载能力区间,水质维度评分均处于Ⅱ级,酒泉市水质评分优于张掖市,张掖市水质评分优于阿拉善盟;在水量、水域、水流维度上均处于高负荷-低承载能力区间,水量方面三地处于Ⅳ级,张掖市优于酒泉市,酒泉市优于阿拉善盟;水域方面张掖和阿拉善盟评分均处于Ⅴ级,酒泉评分处于Ⅳ级;水流方面三地均处于Ⅴ级。需要采取调控手段在水量、水域、水流方面上进行“增强承载”和“卸荷”。
英文摘要:
      With increasing water consumption for social and economic activities, the challenges between supply and demand of water resources have become severe. The loading state of water resources system has become unbalanced, which could restrain regional development and endanger the virtuous cycle of ecological environment. Based on a four dimensional indexes including quantity, quality, watershed, and flow, an evaluation index system of water resources loading state from both aspects of loading and carrying capacity was constructed. A normal cloud model of the normalized indicators was used to evaluate the loading state of water resources allocation schemes in three cities of Zhangye, Jiuquan, and Alxa in Hei River basin in 2015. According to the two-dimensional coordinates of loading score and carrying capacity score, the loading state was divided into four quadrants:low loading-high carrying capacity, low loading-low carrying capacity, high loading-high carrying capacity, and high loading-low carrying capacity. The result indicated that overall water resources loading states of three cities were classified as class Ⅳ, high loading-low carrying capacity, based on the comprehensive scores, Zhangye was 3.697, Jiuquan was 3.657, Alxa was 3.901. The quality loading state of three cities was in low loading-high carrying capacity quadrant, class Ⅱ. The water quality score of Jiuquan was superior to that of Zhangye. The water quality score of Zhangye was superior to that of Alxa. In the aspects of quantity, watershed and flow, the loading states fell into high loading-low carrying capacity quadrant. The quantity loading state of three cities were class Ⅳ. The water quality score of Zhangye was superior to that of Jiuquan, The water quality score of Jiuquan was superior to that of Alxa. The watershed loading states of Zhangye and Alxa were classⅤ, Jiuquan was class Ⅳ. The flow loading state of three cities were class Ⅴ. The control measures of “enhancing capacity” and “decreasing load” need to be executed in the aspects of quantity, watershed, and flow.
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