| 朱波,徐绮雯,马淑敏,张小短,邢毅,王龙昌.干旱胁迫和钾肥对油菜苗期生物量和水分利用特征的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(6):57~64 |
| 干旱胁迫和钾肥对油菜苗期生物量和水分利用特征的影响 |
| Effect of drought stress and potassium on biomass and water use of Brassica napus cultivars during seedling stage |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.06.09 |
| 中文关键词: 油菜 干旱 钾肥 生物量 水分利用效率 蒸腾效率 钾肥利用效率 抗旱性 |
| 英文关键词:Brassica napus drought stress potassium fertilizer biomass water use efficiency transpiration efficiency potassium use efficiency drought tolerance |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503127）;国家自然科学基金项目（31271673） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以西南地区广泛种植的8个油菜品种为材料，研究不同水分和钾肥处理对油菜苗期生长和水分利用特征的影响。结果表明，与正常水分处理（W2）相比，干旱处理（W1）严重抑制油菜苗期生长，生物量在干旱期和复水期分别降低了43.7%和36.3%；干旱胁迫下提高钾肥水平显著促进了油菜生物量的提高（P＜0.05），油菜生物量在干旱和复水期较低钾处理分别提高了16.1%和11.9%。与W2处理相比，W1处理的水分利用效率在干旱期和复水期分别下降了8.0%和17.8%，差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）；与低钾水平相比，干旱胁迫下提高钾肥水平可促进水分利用效率的提高，在干旱期和复水期分别提高了14.3%和6.4%，在干旱期差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。水分利用效率与蒸腾效率呈极显著正相关，与蒸发/蒸腾比呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。干旱胁迫下，油菜蒸腾效率显著提高，而蒸发蒸腾量显著降低（P＜0.05），其中蒸腾量在干旱期和复水期分别下降了60.9%和35.3%，蒸发/蒸腾比大幅度提高，大部分的水分通过蒸发散失而非植株利用，导致水分利用效率降低。干旱胁迫下钾肥利用效率降低，钾吸收量减少；提高钾肥的施用水平，钾肥利用效率降低，但钾吸收量提高。对W1处理的各生理指标进行主成分分析，可提取出2个主成分，油研10、油研57和油研817具有较高的综合得分，在干旱胁迫下具有较大生物量、水分利用效率、蒸腾量、钾肥利用效率和钾吸收量，表现出较强的抗旱性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different water and potassium on biomass and water use characteristics on eight rapeseed cultivars. Compared with normal water supply (W2), drought stress (W1)severely hampered the growth and biomass by 43.7% and 36.3%, respectively,at drought stress and recovery stage. Biomass increased by 16.1% and 11.9% with high potassium treatment compared with those of low potassium level at drought stress and recovery stage, respectively. Water use efficiency of W1 decreased by 8.0% and 17.8% compared with those of W2 at drought and recovery stage, respectively. Compared with those of low potassium treatment, water use efficiency increased by 14.3% and 6.4% with increased potassium supply at drought stress and recovery stage, respectively. Water use efficiency was significantly relative to transpiration efficiency and was negatively correlated with ratio of evaporation to transpiration. Transpiration efficiency significantly increased under drought stress. However, evapotranspiration significantly reduced under drought stress, and transpiration of W1 decreased by 60.9% and 35.3% at drought stress and recovery stage,respectively. The ratio of evaporation to transpiration increased greatly, indicating increased fraction of water lost by evaporation rather by plant use, and this lead to the decrease of water use efficiency.The principal component analysis showed that two components could be extracted from the physiological characteristics of W1 treatment.Youyan10, Youyan57, and Youyan817 had greater total score and showed higher dry mass, water use efficiency, potassium use efficiency, and potassium absorption than other cultivars under drought stress, and were identified as drought tolerant cultivars. |
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