| 胡立峰,张继宗,张立峰.河北省典型缺水区适水型种植制度改革的讨论[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(6):132~137 |
| 河北省典型缺水区适水型种植制度改革的讨论 |
| Discussion on the reform strategy of cropping system based on water utilization in water\|shortage areas of Hebei Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.06.19 |
| 中文关键词: 休耕；轮作；种植制度；雨养农作；田间覆盖；集水节水技术 作物类型；河北省缺水区 |
| 英文关键词:fallow rotation cropping system rainfed farming field mulching water harvesting and saving technique crop type water\|shortage areas of Hebei Province |
| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费资助（201003053） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于河北省匮乏的水资源禀赋和严重超载的农田生产问题，讨论了轮作与休耕在缺水区应用的本质与意义，提出以农田雨养旱作、多作轮种与休耕为表征的缺水区简约化种植制度的改革原则。结合区域资源特征与国家需求，进一步实例分析了河北省缺水区适水种植制度与技术策略，包括降低熟制，由冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟降为春作物→冬小麦—夏作物两年三熟，实行冬春季的季节性休耕，缩减小麦比重，实现结构性节水；采用田间秸秆、塑膜覆盖以及土下覆膜技术，雨水集蓄、节水补灌技术，发展雨养农作；选择无限开花习性的棉花、花生、大豆、菜籽等一年生适水型作物，配合补水成苗等技术，促进作物稳产；以机械化与智能化替代人力生产等，提高农作效益；向优质型农产品转型、发展社会需求的休闲游憩型环境产品生产，实现对高耗水生产的等效或优效替代。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Due to the scarcity of water resources and the serious overload of farmland production in Hebei Province, the essence and significance of rotation and fallow cropping in water\|shortage areas were discussed in this paper. The reformed principles of simplified cropping system characterized by rainfed farming and rotation with various crops and fallow were put forward. Considering with the characteristics of regional resources and the national demand, it was analyzed that the water\|suitable cropping system and technical strategies in water\|shortage areas of Hebei Province, including reducing wheat production to save irrigation water by transforming winter wheat\|summer corn double cropping into spring corn→winter wheat\|summer corn pattern, laying the field fallow during the winter and spring seasons; developing rainfed farming by covering with film and straw to harvest rain water and controlling soil water loss, exploring water saving irrigation technology; ensuring stable yields by selecting the water\|suitable crops, such as cotton, peanut, soybean, and rapeseed with infinite flowering habit, coordinating safe seedling formation technology; increasing economic benefits by replacing manpower production with mechanization and intelligence; achieving equivalent or effective substitution for high water consumption production by producing high\|quality agricultural products, entertainment and environmental products. |
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