| 靳亚忠,陈业雯,陆淼,张森,兰慧,何淑平,齐红岩.鸡粪及其配施尿素对甜瓜香味物质、酶活性及基因表达的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(6):184~192 |
| 鸡粪及其配施尿素对甜瓜香味物质、酶活性及基因表达的影响 |
| Effect of chicken manure and its co-application with urea on aroma substances, aroma-related enzyme activities and gene expression of oriental melon |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.06.27 |
| 中文关键词: 薄皮甜瓜 鸡粪 酶活性 香味物质 基因表达 |
| 英文关键词:oriental sweet melon chicken manure enzyme activities aroma substance gene expression |
| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-25)；博士科研启动基金（XDB2015-01）；黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（C2016039） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施对薄皮甜瓜果实香气物质合成及关键酶的影响，以薄皮甜瓜“DX108”为试材，以尿素为氮源的处理作为对照（CK），研究等量氮素条件下，鸡粪及其与尿素配施处理对甜瓜果实香气物质以及相关酶活性变化的影响，并分析了乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）和醇酰基转移酶（AAT）基因的表达水平。结果表明：不同处理对薄皮甜瓜香气物质合成、相关酶活性以及关键酶基因表达的影响存在明显差异; 尿素处理促进了甜瓜果实中C6和C9醇醛类化合物的合成，而鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施提高了成熟果实中酯类物质含量和种类，尤其是乙酸酯类含量; 鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量，且是尿素处理花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量的3.1倍，还检测到了尿素处理果实中没有检测到的特征性酯类物质；鸡粪和鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后25~30 d果实中LOX酶、氨基转移酶、ADH酶以及AAT酶活性，降低了花后35 d果实中ADH酶活性，抑制了30 d后果实中CmADH1和ADH2的基因表达，而促进了CmAAT1和CmAAT3基因表达。由此可知，鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施有可能是通过调节果实不同发育期香味物质合成途径中关键酶活性的协调变化以及关键酶基因表达，影响了果实香气物质的合成，尤其是酯类物质的合成。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| An experiment was conducted to study the effects of chicken manure and its co-application with urea on aroma components, aroma-related enzyme activities, and gene expression of oriental melon with urea treatment as control under the same amount of nitrogen. The oriental melon cultivar “DX108” was used as experimental material. Aroma compositions and aroma-related enzyme activities in oriental melon fruits were investigated, and the expression levels of related genes from melon fruits under the different treatments, including alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and alcohol acyltransferase (AAT), were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of aromatic compounds and aroma-related enzyme activities, and gene expression of oriental melon fruits. Urea treatment promoted the syntheses of C6 and C9 alcohols and aldehydes in melon fruit, however, the kinds and content of esters were significantly increased by chicken manure and chicken manure co-application with urea treatment, especially acetate esters. Furthermore, the content of non-acetate esters in fruits of chicken manure co-application with urea treatment was 3.1 times higher than that in fruits of urea treatment at day 35 after anthesis, and some characteristic esters were synthesized in fruits under the co-application treatment and chicken manure treatment, which were not observed in fruits from urea treatment. Both chicken manure and the co-application treatments increased the activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), aminotransferase, ADH, and AAT in fruits from day 25 to 30 during the development stage but reduced the activities of ADH in fruits at day 35 after anthesis. Meanwhile, the expressions of CmADH1 and CmADH2 in fruits with chicken manure and the co-application were suppressed, nevertheless the expressions of CmAAT1 and CmAAT3 were increased after day 30 during the development stage. In summary, either chicken manure or chicken manure co-applied with urea treatments may regulate the coordinated changes of aroma-related enzyme activities and gene expression of the aroma synthesis pathway of fruits at different developmental stages, which further affects the synthesis of fruit aroma substances, especially the synthesis of esters. |
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